SAJC 2023_JC2 H2_Econs_Prelims_P1 QP_MS-XC

This document consists of 8 printed pages © SAJC 2023 ST ANDREWS JUNIOR COLLEGE Economics Department [Turn Over 9570/01/Aug/23 ECONOMICS 9570/01 Paper 1 28 August 2023 2 hours 30 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY OF THE MARGINS. An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. St Andrews Junior College JC2 Preliminary Examinations for General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 2

2 © SAJC 2023 9570/01/Aug/23 Answer all questions. Question 1: Taking to the Skies Again Table 1: International tourist arrivals by region (in millions) 2019 2020 2021 2022 World 1,466 409 455 917 Europe 745 242 305 585 Asia Pacific 360 59 25 84 Source: Statista Research Department, Feb 2023 Extract 1: Continued upward trajectory for tourism with Europe leading the way An estimated 700 million tourists travelled internationally between January and September, more than double the number recorded for the same period in 2021. This equates to 63% of 2019 levels and puts the sector on course to reach 65% of its pre- pandemic levels this year, in line with United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) scenarios. Results were boosted by strong pent -up demand, improved confidence levels and the lifting of restrictions in an increasing number of destinations. Europe continues to lead the rebound of international tourism . The region welcomed 477 million international arrivals in January-September 2022, more than double that of 2021 with results boosted by strong intra-regional demand and travel from the United States. In Asia and the Pacific , arrivals more than tripled in the first nine months of 2022, reflecting the opening of many destinations, including Japan, a popular tourist destination. However, arrivals in Asia and the Pacific remained 83% below 2019 levels as the Chinese are still unable to travel due to government restrictions. Adapted from UNWTO, Nov 2022 Extract 2: Competition for control of the skies Air Traffic Management ( ATM) services such as flight radar information to pilots and co-ordination of take-offs and landing to prevent collisions using complex monitoring systems have traditionally been provided by national monopolies, partly because of the high infrastructure costs and essential natu re of its services. However, this has also brought about inefficiencies in the market. While a single ATM agency could leverage on