BOON LAY SEC SCH 4E5N SS PRELIMS 2019

2019/PRELIMS/4E5N/SS BOON LAY SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019 Name ( ) Class Subject : HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) Paper No : 1 Subject Code : 2272/01, 2273/01, 2274/01 Level : SECONDARY FOUR EXPRESS SECONDARY FIVE NORMAL ACADEMIC Date/Day : 29 August 2019 / Thursday Time : 0800 - 0945 Duration : 1 HOUR 45 MINUTES READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write all answers in the Answer Booklet. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer both parts of question 2. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This paper carries a total of 50 marks. This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. Section A (Source-Based Case Study) [35 marks] Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.

2 2019/PRELIMS/4E5N/SS 1 Being Part of a Globalised World Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. (a) Study Source A. Why did the cartoonist publish this cartoon? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source B disagree with Source C? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. How useful is this source in helping you understand the consequences of the restrictions placed on Huawei? Explain your answer. [7] (d) Study Sources E and F. Having read Source E, are you surprised by Source F? Explain your answer. [7] (e) ‘The restrictions placed on Huawei are justified.’ Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10] How would the trade restrictions placed on Huawei’s equipment impact the US economy? BACKGROUND INFORMATION

3 2019/PRELIMS/4E5N/SS Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. Huawei, the world’s biggest telecommunications equipment and services providers, has been placed under scrutiny. There were concerns about its coziness with the Chinese government, especially when Huawei’s founder Mr Ren Zhengfei joined China’s Communist Party* in 1978 and was also a member of the People’s Liberation Army*. Although Mr Ren Zhengfei dismissed and denied any association with the Chinese government, fear continue to arise that Huawei’s equipment could be used to spy on other countries and companies. In January 2019, the United States Justice Department charged Huawei with theft of trade secrets and obstruction of justice. These charges include Huawei stealing trade secrets from US carrier T -Mobile in 2012. In light of recent events, a number of countries, Australia and New Zealand included, has banned the use of Huawei networking equipment. In May 2019, US President Donald Trump passed an executive order on Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain. Thi s order limits foreign involvement in the nation’s carrier networks, in other words, effectively bans Huawei from the US communications networks. The order was met with mixed responses with people applauding US for securing its communication networks while others feel that it is a move that would spark a trade war, eventually crippling the US economy. Some might even argue that the execution order was implemented in retaliation for the trade conflict that is going on between China and US. Study the following sources to find out if the trade restrictions placed on Huawei’s equipment would impact the US economy. *China’s Communist Party: The founding and ruling political party of the People’s Republic of China. *People’s Liberation Army: Th e armed forces of the People’s Republic of China and the Communist Party of China.

4 2019/PRELIMS/4E5N/SS Source A: An American cartoonist’s impression of trading with China. *AMSC / TVA / AVAGO / Motorola / Dupont / T-Mobile: American companies *Huawei: Chinese company Source B: An extract from an interview with Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei after Huawei was charged with bank fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering. We have maintained a solid track record in security. Huawei is an independent business organisation. When it comes to cybersecurity and privacy protection, we are committed to siding our customers. We will never harm any nation or any individual. Secondly, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has officially clarified that no law in China requires any company to install back doors*. Neither Huawei, nor I personally, have ever received any requests from any government to provide improper information. It has always been the case that some customers accept Huawei and others don't. Some countries have decided not to buy equipment from Huawei. Therefore, we can shift our focus to better serve countries that welcome Huawei. *back door: An undocumented portal that allows an administrator to enter a computer system or software to gain illicit access

5 2019/PRELIMS/4E5N/SS Source C: A statement made by FBI Director, Christopher Wray, at the FBI National Press Office about the indictments* of Huawei, on 28 January 2019. Huawei also intentionally and systematically sought to steal valuable intellectual property from an American company so it could circumvent hard-earned, time-consuming research and gain an unfair market advantage. In pursuit of their commercial ambitions, Huawei relied on dishonest business practices that contradict the economic principles that have allowed American companies and the United States to thrive. Such actions are inherently linked to our national security because the immense influence that the Chinese government holds over Chinese corporations like Huawei represents a threat. As Americans, we should all be concerned by the potential for any company beholden* to a foreign government —especially one that doesn’t share our values —to burrow into the American telecommunications market. That kind of access could give a foreign government the capacity to malicious ly modify or steal information, conduct undetected espionage*, or exert pressure or control. *Indictment: A criminal accusation that a person has committed a crime *Beholden: Owing thanks or having a duty to someone in return for help or a service. *Espionage: the practice of spying, typically by governments to obtain political and military information. Source D: A report from Huawei Cyber Security Evaluation Centre (HCSEC) Oversight board, an organisation set up by the UK National Cyber Security C entre, published in March 2019. This organisation was set up to identify possible risks before deciding on a ban of Huawei equipment. HCSEC has continued to find serious vulnerabilities in the Huawei products examined. Several hundred vulnerabilities and issues were reported to UK operators to inform their risk management and remediation in 2018. Some vulnerabilities identified in previous versions of products continue to exist. If an attacker has knowledge of these vulnerabilities and sufficient access t o exploit them, they may be able to affect the operation of the network, in some cases causing it to cease operating correctly. Other impacts could include being able to access user traffic or reconfiguration of the network elements. Source E: An extract from an online article on the views of IT experts about the Hua