ACSI 2022 HL Notes Periodicity (Teacher)

IBDP Chemistry HL/ Periodicity , The Periodic Table Page 1 Anglo − Chinese School (Independent) Year 5 (2022) IBDP Chemistry HL (IBDP syllabus Topic 3 ) 3 .1 Periodic table - Essential Idea: The arrangement of the elements in the periodic table helps to predict their electron configuration. 3 .2 Periodic trends - Essential Idea: Elements show trends in their physical and chemical prope rties across periods and down groups. TEACHER COPY – WITH SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TOPIC 3 PERIODICITY (Part 1)

IBDP Chemistry HL/Periodicity , The Periodic Table Page 2 3.1 Periodic table Nature of science: Obtain evidence for scientific theories by making and testing predictions based on them – scientists organise subjects based on structure and function; the periodic table is a key example of this. Early models of the periodic table from Mendeleev, and later Moseley, allowed for the prediction of properties of elements that had not yet been discovered. (1.9) Understandings: • The Periodic Table is arranged into four blocks associated with the four sublevels – s, p, d and f. • The Periodic Table consists of groups (vertical columns) and periods (horizontal rows). • The period number (n) is the outer energy level that is occupied by electrons. • The number of the principal energy level and the number of the valence electrons in an atom can be deduced from its position on the periodic table. • The Periodic table shows the positions of metals, non–metals and metalloids. Applications and skills: • Deduction of the electron configuration of an atom of an element from the element’s position on the periodic table, and vice-versa. Guidance: • The terms alkali metals, noble gases, halogens, transition metals, lanthanoids and actinoids should be known. • The group numbering scheme from group 1 to group 18 as recommended by IUPAC should be used. Nature of science Dimitri Mendeleev Mendeleev: The Periodic Law by atomic weight, 1869

IBDP Chemistry HL/Periodicity , The Periodic Table Page 3 3.1 Periodic trends Nature of science: Looking for patterns – the position of an element in the periodic table allows scientists to make accurate predictions of its physical and chemical properties. This gives scientists the ability to synthesize new substances based on the expected reactivity of elements. (3.1) Understandings: • Vertical and horizontal trends in the Periodic Table exist for atomic radius, ionic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity. • Trends in metallic and non–metallic behaviour are due to the trends above. • Oxides change from basic through amphoteric and acidic across a period. Applications and skills: • Prediction and explanation of the metallic and non-me