ACSI HL Organic Chemistry notes 2021.docx (1)

IBDP Chemistry HL/ Organic Chemistry Page 1 Anglo−Chinese School (Independent) Year 6 (2021) IBDP HL Chemistry (IBDP syllabus Topic 10) 10.1 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry − Essential Idea: Organic chemistry focuses on the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. 10.2 Functional Group Chemistry − Essential Idea: Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group interconversions are key strands in organic chemistry. TOPIC 10 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

IBDP Chemistry HL/ Organic Chemistry Page 2 (IBDP syllabus Topic 20) 20.1 Types of Organic Reactions − Essential Idea: Key organic reaction types include nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, electrophilic substitution and redox reactions. Reaction mechanisms vary and help in understanding the different types of reaction taking place. 20.2 Synthetic Routes − Essential Idea: Organic synthesis is the systematic preparation of a compound from a widely available starting material or the synthesis of a compound via a synthetic route that often can involve a series of different steps. 20.3 Stereoisomerism − Essential Idea: Stereoisomerism involves isomers which have different arrangements of atoms in space but do not differ in connectivity or bond multiplicity (ie whether single, double or triple) between the isomers themselves.

IBDP Chemistry HL/ Organic Chemistry Page 3 10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry Nature of science: Serendipity and scientific discoveries—PTFE and superglue. (1.4) Ethical implications—drugs, additives and pesticides can have harmful effects on both people and the environment. (4.5) Understandings: • A homologous series is a series of compounds of the same family, with the same general formula, which differ from each other by a common structural unit. • Structural formulas can be represented in full and condensed format. • Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. • Functional groups are the reactive parts of molecules. • Saturated compounds contain single bonds only and unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds. • Benzene is an aromatic, unsaturated hydrocarbon. Applications and skills: • Explanation of the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. • Distinction between empirical, molecular and structural formulas. • Identification of different classes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, nitriles and arenes. • Identification of typical functional groups in molecules eg phenyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, carboxamide, aldehyde, ester, ether, amine, nitrile, alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl. • Construction of 3-D models (real or virtual) of organic molec