CHIJ ST JOSEPH'S CONVENT Sec 4NA SS Preliminary Exam 2019

Index Number Class Name CHIJ ST JOSEPH’S CONVENT PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION NA. HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies Secondary 4 Normal Academic NA. 2175/01, 2176/01 Monday, 29 July 2019 1 hour 45 minutes Additional Materials: Writing papers READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number, class and name on all the work that you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Begin each question on a fresh page. Section B Answer both parts of Question 2. Begin each question on a fresh page. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Attach this Cover Page on top of all your answers. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. FOR EXAMINER’S USE Section A 35 Section B 15 Total 50

2 This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. [Turn over BLANK PAGE

3 Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1 Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. (a) Study Source A. What can you learn from this source about the water crisis in Chennai? Explain your answer using details from the cartoon. [5] (b) Study Sources B. Why do you think this photograph was published at this time? Explain your answer. [7] (c) Study Sources C and D. How far will Source C agree with Source D about the reasons for the water crisis in Chennai? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source E. Can you trust what the source says about the government’s attitude towards the water crisis? Explain your answer. [7] (e) How far do the sources in the case study show that the government is to be held responsible for causing the water crisis in Chennai? Explain your answer. [10]

4 Is the government to be held responsible for causing the water crisis in Chennai? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The 2019 Chennai water crisis is an ongoing water crisis occurring in India. On 19 June 2019, Chennai city officials declared that "Day Zero", or the day when almost no water is left, had been reached, as all the four main reservoirs supplying water to the city had run dry. Two years of scarce *monsoon rainfall, particularly in late 2017 and throughout much of 2018 had led to this crisis. Authorities in Chennai have been criticised by en vironmentalists and political opposition groups for failing to deal with a crippling water shortage that has brought the Indian city to crisis point, leaving taps dry in homes and forcing schools, offices and restaurants to close as temperatures soar. ⃰ Monsoon: the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian countries Study the following sources to find out if the government is to be held responsible for the water crisis in Chennai.

5 Source A: A cartoonist’s point of view about the water crisis in Chennai, published on 27 June 2019. Source B: A photograph taken on 22 June 2019 of the demonstrations held on several occasions. The protesters held empty pots and were led by an Indian opposition political party. Slogans on the pots state “Give us water, give us water. The pots are here. Where is the water?”

6 Source C: Comments from an independent newspaper in Chennai about its water crisis. Water scarcity in India has come about not so much from insufficient supply of water as from the way in which we manage the water we have. Agriculture uses 78% of India’s water, and uses it very inefficiently. Farmers pump water freely from the ground thro ugh tube wells as it is free. This has led to a steady explosion in its use for ⃰irrigation. ⃰ irrigation- the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels Source D: The viewpoint of an independent environmental group, 24 June 2019. Chennai used to be a city with a surplus of water till a couple of decades ago. It had nearly two dozen water bodies including three rivers and a canal. Today, it is reduced to half a dozen. A study has found that Chennai has lost 33 per cent of its wetlands in the last one decade. During the same period, Chennai lost 24 per cent of its agricultural land, crucial for retaining water, to make way for road construction - highways and flyovers, airports and high-rises. These national development projects undertaken on reclaimed water bodies are largely to blame for depleting water resources in Chennai. Reports say that wetlands have been encroached upon to expand urban settlements. Source E: A press release given by the Chief Minister of India, on 26 June 2019.

7 A fifth reservoir is nearing completion. 95 per cent of construction work of the new dam has also been completed. The government will take steps to store water there in the coming monsoon and ensure unhindered supply to people. We have reviewed various works such as construction and maintenance of reservoirs, and water upgrading schemes. Due to deficit rainfall, the four major reservoirs that supply Chennai are bone dry. Everyday 525 million litres of water is being distributed in the city. There are prac tical difficulties, including limited number of lorries. We cannot supply water only to the affluent but also need to take care of poor people. However, the issue is not as big as is being made out, especially in the media.

8 Section B (Structured-Response Question) Question 2 is compulsory for all candidates. 2 Living in a Diverse Society Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions. Extract 1 A photograph showing a pack of tissue inscribed with characteristics that are uniquely Singaporean. Extract 2 Singapore is a multiracial and multicultural country. Since independence, the demographics of Singapore are broadly organised under the CMIO (Chinese -Malay- Indian-Other) system of categorisation. Extract 3 While the government has taken deliberate meas ures to tackle the income gap in Singapore, inequalities in socio-economic status continues to be a cause of concern for us. (a) Extract 1 highlights some characteristics that are uniquely Singaporean. In your opinion, how do you think we can strengthen the Singaporean identity amongst citizens? Explain your answer using one strategy. [7] (b) Extracts 2 and 3 reflect factors that shape our identity as Singaporeans. Explain how race and ethnicity and socio -economic status can influence our diverse identities as Singaporeans. [8] - END OF PAPER -

9 Acknowledgements Source A: https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/saving-indias-water-centre-and-states-must-jointly-address-the- crisis/1620179/ Source B: http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/22/water-supply-plan-from-jolarpet-to-chennai-draws- dmks-ire-durai-murugan-warns-of-pr