COMPASSVALE SEC 4EXP 5NA EOY 2019 SS

康 柏 中 学 COMPASSVALE SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019 HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) (2272/01) (2273/01) Secondary Four Express / Five Normal (Academic) Name: _______________________ Duration: 1 h 45 min Index No: ____________________ Date: 26 August 2019 Class: _______________________ Marks: ______/50 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number in the spaces provided on the question paper and writing paper. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use highlighters or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer both parts of Question 2. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Begin your answer to Section B on a new and separate sheet of paper. ____________________________________________________________________________ This paper consists of 7 printed pages including the cover page.

2 SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1 Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. (a) Study Source A. What is the attitude of the cartoonist towards wind energy projects in the community? Explain your answer. [6] (b) Study Sources B and C. Does Source C prove that the concerns raised in Source B are justified? Explain your answer. [7] (c) Study Sources D and E. How far does So urce E support Source D about the idea of wind energy projects being located in the community? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source F. How surprised are you by this source? Explain your answer. [6] (e) “Citizens should not oppose the wind energy projects that benefit the majority in the community .” Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 What are the challenges faced in making decisions for the good of the society? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. It is often challenging to decide what is good for the society because when a decision is made, some individuals or groups will bear greater costs than others. The NIMBY, or "Not In My Back Yard" syndrome, h as been used to describe people who act in their own interests to oppose nearby development of a technology or service from which they would otherwise benefit. Power plants and utilities are among the most affected, ranking 4th in a United States survey as the most unwanted project types in citizens' hometowns . For example, the Cape Wind Project , which was a proposed offshore wind farm off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States of America, was eventually terminated as some residents expressed concerns over the location of the project . Yet public opinion polls show that the American public strongly supports the development of wind power a s an alternative to fossil fuel. Similarly, other wind energy projects such as those in Falmouth, a coastal town in Massachusetts, and Vineyard Wind Energy project off Cape Cod in Massachusetts, have faced strong opposition. Map showing the location of the proposed offshore wind farms, Cape Wind and Vineyard Wind Energy Projects. Cape Cod Bay Lewis Bay Cape Wind Project Falmouth Vineyard Wind Project Massachusetts

4 Study the following sources to understand the reactions to the development of wind energy projects in the United States of America. Source A: A cartoon published in an American website, 4 December 2012. * devices that convert wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy for household or industrial use. Source B: From an online article by a Director of the Cent re for Carbon -free Power Integration and members of the Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, 2 May 2018. While most surveys suggest that the public generally supports wind and solar power, opposition from local communities and residents sometimes blocks or delays these projects. Consider the ill -fated Cape Wind offshore project, which was supposed to be powering Cape Cod by now. A group of coastal homeowners in that state objected soon after the developer first proposed building it in 2001. They filed more than a dozen lawsuits over 14 years, voicing concerns about possible wind turbine sounds, shadow flicker, lighting and landscape changes. The survey has also shown that people who harbour negative attitudes about wind power are more likely to be annoye d by sounds the turbines make. While turbines may be getting quieter due to technology improvements, they are also getting bigger and as they can be seen from farther away, this change may create more conflict in the future. Source C: An account by a writer for an American magazine, 13 September 2013. Many wind turbines are now being placed in residential areas in Massachusett s, to the frustration of many who find them disturbing — their hulking visual presence and the threat they pose to wild life and human health. In Falmouth, the wind turbines are twice as large as the ones initially proposed. Neil Andersen, a builder, suffered from tinnitus* and heart palpitations so severe that he once drove himself to the emergency room. Sue Hobart, a florist, left her home because she couldn’t take the migraines and nausea. She took me on a tour of her former home and through the branches of her forest, I could make out the flickering of the turbine and hear a faint whooshing. Sometimes health anxieties can ma ke people sick, especially if a person sees others get sick, but the suffering Falmouth residents point out that they felt symptoms before hearing similar stories from their neighbours. * ringing or buzzing in the ears

5 Source D: From an article published in a daily newspaper serving towns in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States, 4 February 2018. Perhaps it’s because we are exhausted from fighting Cape Wind for so long, or perhaps we are frustrated by the minority of people who would delay a project t hat benefits the common good. Whatever the reason, we are not going to oppose the proposal by Vineyard Wind, to run its offshore cables through Lewis Bay. Vineyard Wind could bring power to more than 400,000 homes, but several residents are protesting against the plans. Some arguments are laughable, such as electric cables may cause cancer and harm marine life . So we can tolerate electric cables in the air above us, but not cables buried 6 or 7 feet in the ocean floor? The project has received input from environmentalists and groups from fisheries over the past 5 years. Keep in mind that the projects would be built in an area that’s been approved by state regulators and would generate hundreds of jobs. (Credit: Chart: The Conversation, CC-BY-ND Source: U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Source E: Rep