FUCHUN 4E5N SS Prelims 2019

Candidate Name Centre Number S 2 2 4 6 Index Number Syllabus/ Paper 2 2 7 2 / 0 1 Class 2 2 7 3 / 0 1 2 2 7 4 / 0 1 Syllabus Title HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies 3 September 2019 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS Write your name and index number in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all parts of Question 1. Section B Answer both parts of Question 2. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Name of Setter: Ms Cheng YT This document consists of 7 printed pages. [Turn over FUCHUN SECONDARY SCHOOL Secondary 4 Express / 5 Normal Academic Prelims 2019

2 Section A: Source-Based Case Study [35m] Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1. Exploring Citizenship and Governance Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you to answer the questions, in addition to those sources, which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 a) Study Source A. What is the intent of this cartoon? Explain your answer. [6] b) Study Source B. Does the journalist approve of WikiLeaks? Explain your answer. [5] c) Study Sources C and D. How far do these two sources agree with each other? Explain your answer. [7] d) Study Source E and F. Sources E and F highlight different impacts of WikiLeaks. Which source is more useful in its evaluation of WikiLeaks? Explain your answer. [7] e) Study all sources. “The impact of WikiLeaks is positive.” How far do the sources support this view? Explain your answer. [10]

3 What is the impact of WikiLeaks? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. WikiLeaks is an intern ational non-profit organisation founded in 2006 by Julian Assange, a computer programmer and political activist. The organisation obtains and publishes a wide range of confidential documents and data from anonymous sources and whistle -blowers. In 2010, it published documents leaked by former US Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning. The documents included more than 250,000 confidential diplomatic cables* that had been sent to the US State Department by its diplomats all over the world, and revealed that the US military had killed hundreds of civilians in unreported incidents during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and that the I raqi forces had tortured prisoners. In 2013, WikiLeaks published documents leaked by Edward Snowden, a computer programmer that worked for the US National Security Agency (NSA) regarding the agency’s domestic surveillance practices. For its contributions to journalism and public freedom of information, WikiLeaks has won awards such as The Economic New Media Award in 2008 and received consecutive nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize from 2010 to 2015. However, the US government has criticised it for threatening national security and is actively prosecuting or seeking to prosecute Julian Assange and whistle-blowers like Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden. There are also concerns that WikiLeaks violate the personal privacy of individuals and may endanger some people as a result. * A diplomatic cable is a confidential text message exchanged between a diplomatic mission, e.g. an embassy, and the foreign ministry of its parent country. Study the following sources to examine and evaluate the impact of WikiLeaks. Source A: Cartoon published in a US political blog, 2010. The swimmer in the cartoon is a caricature of Barack Obama, former US president. * Collusion: An illegal and secret agreement or arrangement between two parties. [Turn Over

4 Source B: An opinion piece by a journalist on the impact of WikiLeaks on today’s media, published in the CNN website, 2011. While investigating a recent story about the geopolitical battle for natural resources in the Arctic, I searched for unfiltered, candid dialogue on the issue. Instead, I found a web of conflicting theories, opinions and political jargon. So, as many journalists have done since 2009, I went to WikiLeaks. Mining through the treasure trove of diplomatic cables released by WikiLeaks , I found recaps of blunt conversations between American ambassadors and foreign diplomats describing their thoughts on this geopolitical tug-of-war in the Arctic. It is the kind of access that journalists once spent their careers cultivating. Years ago, such conversations may have taken place secretly in the back of a restaurant, an off-the-record conversation with a confidential source. Today, these details are laid o ut for everyone to read, digitised and accessible with a quick keyword search. Source C: Comments from a former US diplomat after WikiLeaks released secret diplomatic cables in 2010. Other states depend upon the USA’s ability to keep secrets to communicate with us, especially the European states and China. When they tell us things in secret, they expect them to remain in secret. This confidence was completely undercut by the leak and will be undercut for a long time. I disagree with releasing messages about what the Chinese are telling us about North Korea. We depend upon the Chinese to protect our troops in Korea, and the only real insight we have into North Korea is through China. And now the Chinese are going to be reluctant to talk to us. Source D: Opinion piece on the impact of the WikiLeaks release of secret diplomatic cables in 2010, published in 2017 on a British news website. From November 2010 on, the knowledge that their classified reports might ultimately go viral online made US diplomats think twice about what they wrote back to Washington and made their foreign contacts think twice about what they told the diplomats. The cables may even have played a part in sparking the Arab Spring* revolt. The colourful accounts of the rich and wasteful lifestyles of the family of Tunisian president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, spread on Twitter and Facebook, and fuelled the rage of the country’s discontented and angry youth. * Arab Spring refers to a series of anti-government protests and uprisings that spread across North Africa and the Middle East in the 2010s.

5 Source E: Extract of a public speech by Mike Pompeo, Director of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)*, 2017 A colleague of ours at NSA recently explained that more than a thousand of foreign targets—people, groups, organisations —changed or tried to change how they communicated as a result of the Snowden leaks. The bottom line is that it became harder for us in the Intelligence Community to keep Americans safe. It became harder to monitor the communications of terrorist organisations. Snowden’s leaks helped these groups find ways to hide themselves in cyberspace and to fight the USA. Even in cases where we were able to regain our ability to collect information, the damage was already done. We have budget and time constraints. The effort to earn back access that we previously had meant that we had less time to look for new threats. * CIA is the foreign intelli gence service agency of the US government. Intelligence refers to information about an enemy or potential enemy. Source F: A report by Associated Press, an international news network used by media outlets and broadcasters, on WikiLeaks, 2016. In the past year, WikiLeak