Year 2 Geography notes

TopographicMap1. MapSymbols● MapSymbolsareeithernatural(physicalfeatures)andman-made(humanFeatures) 2. Directions● 4Maindirections-North,South,East,West● 4intermediatedirections-Northeast,Northwest,Southeast,Southwest● IntheNortheastquadrant-ThereistheNorthNorthEast,EastNorthEast,NorthEastshouldbethelast2wordsandtospecifywhereinthequadrantweneedtowriteEastorNorth.Applicabletotheotherquadrants. 3. GridReferences● 4and6figuregridreference.● Forthe4figuregrid,usetheNorthlingsvalueastheonebeforewherethepointis.SameappliesfortheEastlingsvalue.● Forthe6figuregridreference,thesameappliesasthe4figuregridreference.However, thethirddigitforeachofthe2setsofgridreferenceswillbeanestimateofwhereeachpointisinbetweenthegridreferences. 4. MeasuringDistances● Forstraightlines,usearuler● Forcurvedlines,useapieceofstring● Themeasurementswillbeincmbutitwillbenecessarytotransferittokm Senseof Place● Canoriginatefrommetalmaporatextgiven● Pointwillbewhethertheresenseofplaceisweakorstrong● Giveelaborationandevidence-- Fortexts/personalexperiences,quotefromthepassage- Fordrawingsgivedetailsofthedrawings.Noticefordifferentlyshapedbuildingswhichareunusual(etc.agapinthemiddleofasquarebuilding,compositefigure)andlabellingofplaces● Link:explainwhatfactorsinfluencesenseofplace1. Intensityofexperience2. Durationofvisits3. Frequencyofvisits4. Ageofpersonwhenvisiting● Valueofplacedoesnotmeanphysicalvalue,it'stheamountitmeanstosomeone

Howhassocietydevelopedandwhat dotheyneedtolive?● Societyhasdevelopedtotryandformsustainablecities● Developedeconomicallyandhuman- Economically-GDPpercapitaandeconomicstructure.Economicstructurereferstoprimary, secondaryandtertiaryemployment- Human- standardoflivingthrough1. Recreation2. Accesstocleanwater3. Sanitation4. Housing5. Transport6. education—->literacyrate7. healthcare—>lifeexpectancy● Peopleneednaturalresourcestolive- Thesupplyshouldbehigher/equaltodemand Housing● Acityisdefinedasanurbanareawithinacountry, Themajorityofthepopulationoftheearthlivesincities.Theyhave:1. Largepopulationsizes-populationsizesofbeingacityvariesfromcountrytocountry.2. Highpopulationdensity-Canbecalculatedusingnumberofppllivinginanareaoflanddividedbythelandarea3. Builtupareas-consistsofinfrastructureconsistingofwater, electricity,sanitation,telecommunicationsandtransport4. Rangeoffunctions-suchasadministrativefunctionsandcommercialandeducationalactivities● RelationshipbetweencitiesandruralAreas1. Rural-UrbanMigration- Basedonpushandpullfactors.- Pushfactorsarewhypeopleleavetheirplaceoforigin.Eg,Undesirablequalitiesofaplacelikewar, droughtorpoverty- Pullfactorsrefertothereasonswhypeoplegotocities.Eg.Jobopportunities,higherpay, education2. ProvisionofGoodsandServices- Citieshavealackofspacesotheyrelyonruralareasforagriculture.Ruralfarmerscanrearanimalsandgrowcropsinexchangeformoney, whichistheirincome.- Ruralpeoplecanbenefitfromthecityfromhealthcareandbuycertaingoodsonlyavailableincities.

● Opportunitiesforpeopleincities1. Educationandemployment- Citiesarecentresfo