TMJC GP InfoPack Crime and Punishment Package (JC1 2023)

GP@TMJC 1 Crime & Punishment Tampines Meridian Junior College JC1 General Paper 2023 Reading Set 1: Keeping up with Crime Page 3 Reading Set 2: The Justification of Punishment Page 14 Reading Set 3: The Rights of Criminals VS The Rights of Victims Page 22 Sample essay on Crime and Punishment Page 31 Essay Questions on Crime and Punishment Page 32

GP@TMJC 2 ⚫ An Overview ⚫ Unit Title: Crime and Punishment Inquiry Questions: • Can crime ever be eradicated? (MJCJ1MYE12) • How far has modern technology made it difficult to commit a crime in your country? (MJCJ1PE17) • ‘Rehabilitation, not punishment, should be the purpose of the justice system.’ Discuss. (2017) • To what extent is it possible to make the punishment fit the crime? (2013) • Consider the view that people imprisoned for crimes should lose all their rights. (2022) • ‘Too much attention is given to criminals; not enough to their victims.’ Is this true? (2005) Unit Strand: Keeping up with Crime - Causes of crime and the impact of modern technology on crime Unit Strand: The Justification of Punishment Unit Strand: The Rights of Criminals VS The Rights of Victims Conceptual lens: Fairness, System & Change Conceptual lens: Fairness, System & Change Conceptual lens: Fairness, System & Change Concept: Law & Enforcement, Governance, Social Order & Behaviour Concept: Fairness, Justice System, Human Rights, Morals and Ethics, Social Justification Concept: Morals and Ethics, Common Good Topic: Cybercrime, Anonymity of the Internet, Dark Web, Corporate crime Topic: Rehabilitation, Retribution, Juvenile Crimes, Harsh punishment (eg. Capital Punishment & Corporal Punishment) Topic: Privacy and Dignity of the Victim, Second Chances Possible Generalisation(s): Possible Generalisation(s): Possible Generalisation(s):

GP@TMJC 3 How do societies decide what is acceptable behaviour? Who should lead this discussion? What would happen if laws did not exist in society? Omission can be a crime Inquiry Questions: Can crime ever be eradicated? (MJCJ1MYE12) How far has modern technology made it difficult to commit a crime in your country? (MJCJ1PE17 ) At the end of this section, students should be able to: Understand the changing causes of crime, societal needs, social norms. Evaluate the impact of modern technology on crime. ⚫ Law, Order and Crime ⚫ The law is important because it acts as a guideline as to what is accepted in society, therefore serving as a norm of conduct for citizens. Since laws were made to provide for proper guidelines and order, there would be conflicts between social groups and communities without them. It is thus pivotal that we follow laws so as to maintain the smooth functioning of society. ⚫ Types of Crime ⚫ What is a Crime? A crime occurs when someone breaks the law by an overt act, omission or neglect that can result in punishment . However, it is important to remember that the causes of crime are complex and multi-faceted, and that cr iminals come from all walks o f life . No matter the conditions of the crime, individual responsibility remains the most important factor in the decision to cause harm. Being from a disadvantaged background or a privileged one does not predispose someone to crime. There are two major categories of crime: property crime and violent crime: Property Crimes: A property crime is committed when someone damages, destroys or steals someone else's property, such as robbery, criminal breac h of trust , theft, extort ion, vandalism. Property crim es are by far the most commonly committed crime in the United States. Violent Crimes : A violent crime occurs when someone harms, attempts to harm, threatens to harm or even conspires to harm a human. Violent crimes are offense s which involve force or thre at of force, such as rape, homicide/murder, kid nap, assault, outrage of modesty. Some crimes can involve no action at all, but rather not taking action, e .g. withholding medication or neglecting someone who needs medical care. Different types of Crimes Youth Crime/Juvenile Delinquency refers to participation in illegal behaviour by minors/ juveniles (individuals younger than the statutory age). In Singapore, the Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA) defines a “Child” as below 14 years old and “Young Person” between 14 and 16. Such juveniles are tried by the Juvenile Court rather than in the Subordinate Court. Reading Set 1 Juvenile Delinquency in the Philippines: Is Juvenile Justice Fair? Scan the QR to read the article

GP@TMJC 4 Scan here to read: Harvey Weinstein scandal: Who has accused him of what? Scan her e to read: $227.8m lost to top 10 scams in first half of 2022, as overa ll crime rises by 36% Scan here to read: Bernie Madoff – How his Ponzi scheme worked Scan here to read : EU probes Volkswagen, BMW and Daimler over alleged emissions collusion Scan here to read: SE Asia’s meth gangs making US$60 billion a year Scan here to read: Texas Walmart shooting appears to be hate crime Sex Crimes are forms of human sexual behaviour that run counter to laws. Some sex crimes a re crimes of violen ce that involve sex. Others are violations of social taboo s, such as inces t, sodomy or indecent exposure. There is much variation among countries/cultures regarding the kinds of social taboos that are criminalised , and how s uch sex crimes are punished. Egs of this type of crime include rape and outrage of modesty. Cybercrime refers to offences committed using modern telecommunication networks such as the Internet ( Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS). Examples of this type of crime include online pornography, fraud and deception, illegal downloading of music, hacking, spam email containing virus at tachments that ‘phish’ for personal information , leading to identity theft. White-collar crime refers to non-violent crimes that are committed for illegal monetary gain . It is carried o ut by workers in professional positions, who sometimes use their positions to carry out illegal activities against the interests of the companies they wor k for. Examples of this typ e of crime include fraud (tax fra ud, securities and land fraud), illegal sales practices like Ponzi schemes, insider trading, bribery, embezzlement, copyright infringement, money laundering and identity theft. Corporate cri me, not to be co nfused with w hite-collar crime above, describes the types of offences co mmitted by large corporations, causing harm to individuals, social groups and soci ety as a whole. Types of corporate crimes could include  environmental damage,  unrectified manufacturing defects,  labour exploitation,  unfair trade practices e.g. collusion,  financial scams and  administrative. Organised Crime refers to forms of activity that have many of the same characteristics as orthodox business, but are illegal, s uch as smuggling, illegal gambling, drug -trafficking, human -trafficking, prostitution, money -laundering, protection rackets and weapons sales. Organised criminal gangs usually rely on violence (or the threat of) to conduct their activities. T hey have also in recent years become increasingly transnational in scope, being able to coor dinate their criminal activities across borders. Hate Crimes occur when t he criminal targets a victim because of prejudices about his/her race, religion, sexua l orientation , social class, nationality, age, or gender. Such incidents may involve physical assault, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse or offensive graffiti. Crimes against humanity – As defined by the Allied forces in pos