WSSS 4E5N Prelim 2023 QP + Ans

West Spring Secondary School PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2023 HUMANITIES Paper 2 History 2273/02 SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS/ NORMAL (ACADEMIC) (Out-of-Stream) 5 NORMAL (ACADEMIC) Name ( ) Date 25th August 2023 Class Duration 1 hr 40 mins Additional Materials: Writing papers READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number, class and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or rough working Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions from this section. Section B Answer one question from this section. Hand in Section A and Section B together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. FOR EXAMINER’S USE Section A /30 Section B /20 Total /50 This document consists of 6 printed pages. Setter Mr. Emmanuel Devapragasam [Turn over]

2 Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 (a) Study Source A. Why do you think this cartoon was published at this time. Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Sources B. How useful is the source as evidence in understanding the Cuban missile crisis? Explain your answer. [5] (c) Study Sources C and D. Would the author of Source C be surprised by what Source D is saying? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source E and F. Does Source E prove Source F is reliable? Explain your answer. [6] (e) Study all sources. “The Cuban Missile Crisis was a result of USA’s aggression” How far do the sources agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [8]

3 The Cuban Missile Crisis BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The Cuban revolution in 1959 challenged USA’s political and economic dominance. Castro’s policies of land reform, nationalization and diversification of sugar markets were met with the USA declaring an embargo and by breaking off diplomatic relations. This was followed with the Bay of Pigs fiasco, Operation Mongoose and other attempts to remove Castro from power. By December 1961, Castro responded by declaring himself communist and pleaded with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to send nuclear missiles to help protect Cuba. The placing of Soviet missiles sparked thirteen days of intense tension known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was perhaps the closest that the world ever came to engaging in a full -scale nuclear war. Fortunately, both President Kennedy and Pr emier Khruschev managed to resolve the crisis. Who bears the most responsibility for causing the Cuban Missile Crisis? Source A: A cartoon published in a French newspaper in October 1962.

4 Source B: A cartoon published in a British magazine in 1962 showing Khruschev carrying a ship on his shoulder. It is borrowed from the phrase ‘A chip on someone’s shoulder’ and refers to someone who feels that he has been treated unfairly. Source C: An extract from a report written by a US political analyst in 1995. Castro’s acceptance of the missiles also enabled him to achieve a far more signifi cant objective. First and foremost, the missiles provided Castro with the ability to deter an American invasion. Still convinced that the United States would invade Cuba a second time, the missiles provided Castro with the fire power he needed to deter such an invasion and safeguard the Cuban rev olution. The missiles would enable Cuba, as a member of the Soviet bloc, to "thumb its nose" at the United States . Castro was furious to learn through Radio Moscow that Khruschev had agreed to withdraw the missiles from Cuba. He was prepared to go to war.

5 Source D: From a statement by the former Soviet defence minister recalling the outbreak of the Cuban Missile crisis in 1992. Khrushchev and his defence minister, General Rodion Malinovsky, were at Khrushchev's estate on the Black Sea. They went for a walk and his Minister pointed in the direction of Turkey and said, 'That's where the American rockets are pointing at us. They need 10 minutes to reach our cities, but our rockets need 25 minutes to reach America.' Khrushchev thought for a while and said, 'Why don't we install our rockets in Cuba and point them at the Americans? Then we'll need only 10 minutes, too.' Source E: An extract from Khrushchev’s memoirs, published in 1971. Suddenly we began to be criticized. The Chinese press at that time declared that this was treason, cowardice, and surrender on our part. But what should we have done? Carry on the game to the point of war? That’s exactly what the Chinese were insisting, but we naturally considered that to be sheer stupidity. We didn’t want war. Even today I think that we were correct in removing our missiles from Cuba. And we began to explain our position to Castro in writing. He was very annoyed and even blew up at us. He blasted us thoroughly. But today. Cuba exists as an independent communist country, right in front of America. Source F: An excerpt from a book published in 1968 by a Cuban exile who fled to the United States after the revolution. The accounts of the crisis did not make clear that it was a power confrontation, that the power of the USA was superior to that of the USSR, and that the leaders of both nations knew this to be a fact. It was wrong for Kennedy to have merely agreed to the withdrawal of missiles from Cuba. The United States, it is worth repeating, could have erased every important Soviet military installation and major Soviet cities in two or three hours while the strike capability of the USSR was negligible. Although Kennedy was in a superior position, he granted the Communist bloc a privileged sanctuary in the Caribbean by means of the "no invasion" pledge.

6 Section B (Structured Essay Questions) Answer any one question. 2 This question is about Stalin’s Soviet Union. a) Explain why Stalin was able to defeat Trotsky after Lenin’s death. [8] b) ‘Stalin’s rule devastated the Russian people”. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] 3 This question is about the Cold War. a) Explain why Korea was important to the superpowers after World War Two. [8] b) ‘Gorbachev’s policies led to the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [12] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright Acknowledgements: Source A:@ https://www.jchistorytuition.com.sg/jc-history-tuition-notes-cuban-missile-crisis-cartoon- analysis/ Source B: © https