Ahmad Ibrahim 2024 S4N SS Prelims QP

AHMAD IBRAHIM SECONDARY SCHOOL GCE ‘N’ LEVEL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2024 SECONDARY 4 NORMAL (ACADEMIC) Name: Class: Register No.: HUMANITIES 2125/01, 2126/01 Paper 1 Social Studies XX Month 2024 1 hour 45 minutes No Additional Materials are required

2 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write down your name, class and register number on this page. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue, or correction fluid. Write your name and register number all writing paper used. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer both questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. This paper consists of 7 printed pages.

3 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Living in a Globalised World Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. What can you learn from this source about cocoa production in Ghana? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Source B. Why was this source produced? Explain your answer. [6] 3 Study Source C. How useful is this source as evidence about multinational corporations in Ghana? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Sources D and E. Having read Source D, are you surprised by Source E? Explain your answer. [7] 5 How far do the sources in the case study show that participation in the global economy is harmful for Ghana? Explain your answer. [10]

4 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 Is participation in the global economy harmful for Ghana? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. Ghana, a country in West Africa, is the second largest producer of cocoa beans in the world. Cocoa beans are the main ingredient used in the production of chocolate. The largest buyers of cocoa beans are multinational corporations (MNCs) such as Mars, Nest lé, Hershey and Cargill which create chocolate-related products. Cocoa farming provides employment to millions of Ghanaians. However, there has been criticism by Ghanaian farmers and advocacy groups that the prices of cocoa paid by MNCs is too low. Due to low incomes, some Ghanaian farmers have resorted to using child labour to increase their output. This has raised international concerns on whether the cocoa industry hinders social mobility by contributing to the cycle of poverty in Ghana. Study the following sources to assess if participation in the global economy through cocoa is more beneficial or harmful for Ghana. Source A: A cartoon about cocoa production in Africa posted on a social media website. [Turn over

5 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 Source B: From a statement by Aedo van der Weij, managing director of Cargill’s cocoa and chocolate business in Ghana, on 25 November 2019. Cargill’s $13 million investment to expand the cocoa processing site in Ghana will create many jobs, from labourers to university -educated positions. Working directly with the Ghanaian government and other key partners, we are committed to economic growth, building sustainable local businesses and diversifying sources of income for those who live here. We recognize the best way to safeguard the future of cocoa is to improve the livelihoods and wellbeing of farmers and their communities. We also know the best way to achieve sustainable business practices is by working through partnerships with government and other local partners who know what works for their local communities. That way both parties can do what they do best and together achieve a real transformation. Source C: From an article written by Felogene Anumo, an online human rights activist, on 11 April 2023. A key reason for the low incomes of cocoa farmers in Ghana is the low prices they receive for their produce. At the heart of the problem is the power imbalance between cocoa farmers and corporations. The cocoa industry is dominated by top chocolate multinational corporations. These corporations control the entire global supply chain, from the production of cocoa beans to the manufacturing and distribution of chocolate products. Their power allows them to set the prices of cocoa and chocolate products and control the quality of cocoa beans they purchase. In recent years, farmers have organized themselves into groups to negotiate better prices for their produce. Despite these efforts, many farmers continu e to struggle to make a decent living. Source D: An interview with Kwabena Assan Mends, a Ghanaian cocoa farmer, on 22 July 2021. My grandfather and father were cocoa farmers. My father never forced me to work. I followed him doing everything he was doing in the farm, while I was observing, and learning from him. The main source of livelihood for the people in this area is income from the cocoa farm. It is an answered prayer to our God that the whole year our cocoa has been bought. If the multinationals decided that, this year, we are not buying, it will be more impactful than COVID- 19! I know a lot of people who benefited from the Cocoa Marketing Comp any (CMC) scholarship. And the CMC scholarships come from these multinationals, who are buying the cocoa.

6 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 Source E: From a research study by Corporate Accountability Lab, a human rights group that monitors corporations for ethical and responsible practices, published in September 2023. The prices companies pay for cocoa are so low that farmers often cannot hire adult workers and instead must rely on their children for help doing the work required. Despite promises by many of the largest chocolate companies over two decades ago to clean u p the sector, little has changed. In September 2022, Corporate Accountability Lab visited nine cocoa-growing villages. In each village visited, farmers and workers spoke about the unsustainably low prices companies pay for cocoa and companies’ failure to pay the government -mandated price increase designed to ensure farmers receive a higher price for cocoa they sold. There was overwhelming agreement among more than 300 farmers that the price of cocoa should be at least triple the current price.

7 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 SECTION B (Structured-Response Questions) Answer both questions. Living in a Diverse Society Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions. Extract 1 With increasing life expectancy and low fertility rates, the proportion of Singapore’s citizen population aged 65 years and above is rising rapidly. In an ageing society, it is important to cater to varied needs. Extract 2 In countries that adopt integration policies, minority groups and immigrants retain their unique identities while forging common ground with the majority group in the host country. Countries such as Canada, New Zealand and Singapore adopt integration policies. Extract 3 In countries that adopt assimilationist policies, immigrants are expected to adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority group in the host country. Over time, the identities of the assimilated group are expected to become identical to those of the majority group. Countries such as Denmark, Germany and France adopt assimilationist policies. [Turn over

8 AISS PRELIM / 2125/01 & 2126/01 / 2024 6 Extract 1 is about Singapore’s rapidly ageing population. In yo