broadrick prelim

Broadrick Secondary School, Prelim 2019, Secondary 4 Express and 5 Normal (Academic), Social Studies Name Class Index Number BROADRICK SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS AND 5 NORMAL (ACADEMIC) PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019 HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies Additional Materials: Answer Paper 2272/01,2273/01 Sep 2019 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all the questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. This document consists of 9 printed pages. Setter: Mr Ng Aik Hong For Examiner’s Use 50 Parent’s Signature: ________________________ Actual Grade: Target Grade:

2 Broadrick Secondary School, Prelim 2019, Secondary 4 Express and 5 Normal Academic, Social Studies SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates 1 EXPLORING CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. (a) Study Source A. What does Source A tell you about the Christchurch terror attacks in New Zealand? Explain your answer, using details from the source. [6] (b) Study Source B. Why was the cartoon about the Christchurch terror attacks in New Zealand published on the online website? Explain your answer, using details from the source. [6] (c) Study Sources C and D. How different are sources C and D? Explain your answer. [6] (d) Study Source E. How useful is Source E about the role of the social media in the Christchurch terror attacks in New Zealand? Explain your answer. [7] (e) “Social media played a significant role in the Christchurch terror attacks in New Zealand.” Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

3 Broadrick Secondary School, Prelim 2019, Secondary 4 Express and 5 Normal Academic, Social Studies Why did the Christchurch terror attacks happen in New Zealand? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you answer some of the questions. At 1.45pm on March 15 2019, New Zealand witnessed two horrific terror attacks in Christchurch. A man, armed with automatic weapons, entered the Al Noor Mosque near Hagley Park and opened fire at Muslim worshippers who were praying at the Mosque in broad daylight. The gunman responsible for the Al Noor Mosque shooting livestreamed the incident for 17 minutes and identified himself as Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old white, Australia-born citizen. Fitted with a helmet camera, Brenton Tarrant livestreamed the entire shooting incident on Facebook. After parking his car in the alley next to Al Noor Mosque, Brenton Tarrant armed himself with his weapons and walked calmly walked into the mosque. Once inside, he began shooting indiscriminately. The uploaded video showed him leaving six minutes after firing the first shot at Deans Avenue South Hagley Park. After the video had been streamed on Youtube, the New Zealand police warned against sharing footages relating to the deadly shooting. Anyone caught sharing the massacre video in New Zealand faces a fine of up to NZ$10,000 (S$9,266) or up to 14 years in jail. Investigation into the terror attacks revealed the victims who were killed at the two mosques during Friday prayers, were largely Muslim migrants, refugees and residents from countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Turkey, Kuwait, Somalia and others. This act of terror showed that Islamophobia seemed to mark a climactic moment in a two-decade era for New Zealand and Australia, in which Muslims have been at the exposed and uncomfortable centre of debates about migrants, multiculturalism and terrorism following the Sept 11 attacks in 2001 and the ensuing conflicts in the Middle East. Read the following sources to evaluate the reasons for the occurrence of the terror attacks on 15 March 2019 in New Zealand.

4 Broadrick Secondary School, Prelim 2019, Secondary 4 Express and 5 Normal Academic, Social Studies Source A: An account of the sequence of events leading up to the Christchurch terror attacks in New Zealand The recording blinked to life shortly after 1.30pm on Friday (March 15) to reveal the ordinary grey interior of a Subaru Outback (car). With the camera mounted on the driver's helmet, all that was visible of him were legs beneath the steering wheel, clad in tactical protective wear, and flashes of green, fingerless gloves as he fumbled with his gear. He had three machine guns with him. Five minutes into the live Facebook video, the attacker pulled into a driveway on Deans Avenue, turned around in a small parking area and finally positioned the Subaru at the end of the driveway, pointing outward, ready for a fast exit. Methodically, he readied his guns and magazines, all of which had been covered with white lettering and symbols, including references to *Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf and the names of past mass shooters. Military fife-and-drum music was playing as Brenton Tarrant climbed out of the Subaru, lifted the car's rear hatch door and uncovered two other graffiti-covered rifles and multiple red gas cans. Calm and composed, he went on his shooting rampage. Source B: A cartoonist impression of the Christchurch terror attacks which was published on an online website *Mainstream media: refers to traditional forms of spreading news and information such as newspapers, radio, magazines, posters and researched publications.

5 Broadrick Secondary School, Prelim 2019, Secondary 4 Express and 5 Normal Academic, Social Studies Source C: A response given by Dr Tore Bjørgo, director of the Centre for Research on Extremism at the University of Oslo, a Norwegian-based research group following an analysis of the sequence of events following the Christchurch terror attacks. The killer's ability to livestream the shootings and terror attacks through his own social media channels - which led to the dissemination of the video and *manifesto across YouTube, Facebook and several mainstream media outlets highlighted how the *far-right has made used of the reach of major media and technology companies, even as it continues to spread its message through the dark corners of obscure Internet sites. By broadcasting his atrocities, the killer was able to both bypass the traditional gatekeepers of news coverage, while also encouraging those same gatekeepers to subsequently repeat some of his footage and even unknowingly spread his ideas to millions more potential followers than he might otherwise have reached. *far-right: people who have extreme beliefs about nationalism *manifesto: declaration of views, intentions and motives Source D: A response given by Mr Philip Alpers of GunPolicy.org, a clearinghouse for gun law data worldwide, after a gun law debate in New Zealand following the Christchurch terror attacks. While New Zealand's laws governing the purchase of semi-automatic rifles