christchurch prelim

Section A (Source-Based Case Study) Question1 is compulsory for all candidates. 1 Living in a Diverse Society Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1. (a) Study Source A. Why do you think the photo was created? Explain your answer. [5] (b) Study Source B and Source C. In what ways do the sources disagree with each other? Explain your answer. [6] (c) Study Source D. How far can you believe Source D? Explain your answer. [7] (d) Study Source E. Are you surprised by Source E? Explain your answer. [7] (e) Study all sources. “Diversity is accepted in East Asia.” Using sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10]

2 CHR 2019 / HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) 2272/01 & 2273/01 How far does East Asia celebrate diversity? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. The East Asian region includes areas such as China, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, North Korea and South Korea; with China and Japan being two of the more influential East Asian countries. Covering over 11 million square kilometres in land area and home to 1.6 billion people (22% of the world’s population), East Asia is culturally diverse. China alone recognises up to 52 different ethnic groups; all with their own different cultures and native customs. In the past decades, China has undergone some economic and social changes. Most notably, the fertility rate of China has dropped to 1.62 births per woman in 2016. There is also an increasing number of foreigners in China, 10,000 in the 1980s to 900,000 in 2016. Similarly, Japan has experienced many changes in the last few decades. Its fertility rate has dropped to 1.44 births per woman, one of the lowest in the world. This has resulted in many changes to curb the effects of brain drain. However, Japan is still home to many different cultural groups, although it officially declares that 98.5% of their population is Japanese, Japan is home to many ethnic minorities such as the Ainu, Ryukyuans and Burakumins. Study the following sources to determine if the diversity is celebrated in East Asia. Source A: A photo taken from a website promoting tourism in China.

3 CHR 2019 / HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) 2272/01 & 2273/01 Source B: Adapted from an article titled “What does China want to achieve by ‘modifying’ Islam?” taken from an online German international news website. The Chinese government's plan to make Islam compatible with Chinese culture and society has attracted widespread criticism. On Sunday, Chinese authorities announced their plan to sinicise* Islam through a five-year plan. According to a report published in the state-run Global Times newspaper, representatives of Islamic associations from eight Chinese provinces participated in a Beijing seminar and discussed the outline for how to align Islam with Chinese norms. A government official said it was important for China's Muslim community to "improve their political stance and follow the Communist Party's** lead." * Sinicise means to make more Chinese. ** Communist Party refers to the current political party in power in China. Source C: A newspaper article adapted from xinhuanet.com, a Chinese online newspaper, titled “China hosts carnival celebrating diversity of Asian civilisations”. Dazzling dance steps and music from different corners of Asia livened up the National Stadium in Beijing Wednesday evening as a grand carnival was held to celebrate the diversity of Asian civilisations. Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife attended the carnival, a major event of the ongoing Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilisations, together with foreign guests. In a speech to declare the beginning of the carnival, Xi said Asian cultures demonstrate great richness and vitality thanks to the diversity of Asian civilisations. "Tonight, the colourful flowers of Asian cultures will blossom in full," he said. "Arts will transcend the boundaries of nations, touch people right in the heart and connect their minds, showing to the world a radiant, dynamic, peaceful and progressive Asia." Chinese people sincerely hope that Asian countries will help each other and work closely together to advance with the rest of the world, he said.

4 CHR 2019 / HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) 2272/01 & 2273/01 Source D: Statistics adapted from the Population Statistics Section of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s Bureau of General Affairs. Source E: Adapted from The Japan Times article titled “Is Japan becoming a country of immigration?” In light of the labour shortage problems faced by Japan, an increasing number of Japanese are in favour of accepting more foreigners. This has led to an amendment in the immigration control law and the government worked out a “comprehensive policy to accept foreign talent and to live with them.” A key measure in the policy is to set up “one-stop centres” for “intercultural general consultation.” The government said it will help establish such centres where local governments provide information and consultation services at around 100 localities throughout the country. As a whole the comprehensive policy focuses on assistance for foreign workers and it tries to sufficiently prepare people at large for living together with people from different cultural backgrounds and to reduce prejudice and discrimination against them.

5 CHR 2019 / HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) 2272/01 & 2273/01 Source F: A report adapted from Nikkei Asian Review, a Japanese-owned business journal, titled “Japanese cities lack support for foreign residents, poll shows”. About 60% of major municipalities lack comprehensive support offices to help foreign residents adjust to life in Japan, a Nikkei survey has found, even as a new visa program is set to bring in more workers from overseas starting in April. The survey results suggest that Japan is inadequately prepared for the up to 345,000 additional foreign workers anticipated over a five-year period under the new visa program. Local governments have also lagged in providing assistance with daily life matters. Only 26% of local government surveyed said they help foreign residents find housing and crack down on discrimination against foreigners. Acknowledgements: Source A: http://www.visitaroundchina.com/Culture/441.shtml Source B: https://www.dw.com/en/what-does-china-want-to-achieve-by-modifying-islam/a-46995813 Source C: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/15/c_138061325.htm Source D: https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00398/the-changing-face-of-tokyo-one-in-eight- shinjuku-residents-are-foreign-nationals.html Source E: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/06/26/commentary/japan-commentary/japan- becoming-country-immigration/#.XTWmI-gzbD5 Source F: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-immigration/Japanese-cities-lack-support-for-foreign- residents-poll-shows

6 CHR 2019 / HUMANITIES (SOCIAL STUDIES) 2272/01 & 2273/01 Section B (Structured-Response Question) Question 2 is compulsory for all candidates. 2 Being Part of a Globalised World Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions. Extract 1 Connectivity refers to the state of being linked to one another at all times. Over time, globalisation has increased connectivity and has led to the increase exchange of ideas, knowledge and good. Extract 2 Singapore emerged from being an under-developed country and grew in