ACSI 2019 Y2IP GEOG MYE ANSWER SCHEME

1 1 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) MID YEAR EXAMINATION 2019 INTEGRATED PROGRAMME YEAR 2 GEOGRAPHY MARKING SCHEME Monday 13 May 2019 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your index number in the boxes at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams and graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all the questions. Section B Answer all the questions. Write all answers in the spaces provided. Candidates should support their answers with the use of relevant examples. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 10 printed pages. [Turn over For examiner’s use Question No Marks obtained 1 /5 2 /11 3 /3 4 /6 5 /5 Total /30 INDEX NUMBER

2 2 Section A: Topographical Map [6 marks] 1. Fig. 1 shows a topographical map. Fig. 1

3 3 (a) Account for the settlement patterns at A and B. [2] Settlement pattern at A is clustered/nucleated around the road junction for ease of access to all road directions. [1] Settlement pattern at B is linear along the road for easy access to transportation. [1] (b) Describe the changes in the elevation, relief and terrain from Point B to Point C. [3] The land starts off at Point B with gently sloping fertile loamy soil at a low elevation of 50m. [1] After about 1.2km, the land becomes gently sloping thin, stony soil and the elevation increases from 50m to about 100m. [1] After another 1.2km, there is an area of woodland that stretches for about 0.8km. The woodlands increase in elevation more steeply from 150m to about 300m. [1] Following the woodlands, there is a stretch of thin, stony soil for about another 1.2km before reaching Point C. [1]

4 4 Section B: Structured Questions [24 marks] 2. Fig. 2 shows some information on the housing situation in the city of Mumbai, India. Fig. 2 (Source: https://www.proptiger.com/guide/post/the-worlds-most-paradoxical-real-estate-market-is-in-india- infographic) a) Describe and explain the changes in the percentage of slum households between 1981 and 2001 as shown in Fig. 2. [3] Although the percentage of slum households dropped from 1981 to 1991 from 27.63% to 23.63% [1], the percentage of slum households increased by double or increased drastically/tremendously [1] from 27.63% in 1981 to about 54.06% in 2001. [1] This could be due to the fact that there has been increased rural - urban migration to the city of Mumbai which resulted in the increase in slums. [1] Mumbai is also a developing city and this may lack the resources to supply adequate housing. [1] (accept other possible answers)

5 5 b) Suggest two reasons why the percentage of slum households would have changed from 2001 and 2011 as shown in Fig. 2. [2] The percentage of slum households decreased from 2001 to 2011 possibly due to efforts by the Mumbai government to provide more public housing for its citizens. [1] Furthermore, as the city develops, the people working in Mumbai may have also experienced increased income and therefore can afford to purchase proper housing. [1] (accept other possible answers) c) Suggest two reasons why the number of one-room dwelling units is the highest in Mumbai as shown in Fig. 2. [2] The number of one-room dwelling units is the highest in Mumbai as the price of housing in the city of Mumbai may be very high due to shortage of land within the city. [1] There may also be smaller families or single working adults living in Mumbai who may only require one-room units. [1] Due to the shortage of space, one -room housing units occupy the least space and maximise the land, therefore more one-room housing units were built. [1] (accept other possible answers) d) Explain the human and environmental impacts of living in slums. [4] Human impacts of living in slums include exposure to health problems such as the spread of diseases [1] due to the unhygienic living conditions which could lead to diseases such as cholera and dysentery from drinking contaminated water. [1] The stagnant water from clogged drains may also result in the breeding of mosquitoes and spread of dengue and malaria. [1] Environmental impacts include water pollution where rubbish and waste as well as washing detergents have been poured into waterways, rivers, drains and this may also result in the contamination of groundwater [1]. Due to the lack of proper sanitation and waste disposal facilities which cause water to become stagnant and decomposition will result in foul smelling environment. [1] Land is also polluted with the dumping of rubbish, food waste and other litter which decompose and result in a polluted environment. [1] (accept other possible answers)

6 6 3. Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the annual household income and the number of rural and urban households in Nigeria. Fig. 3 (Source: http://housingfinanceafrica.org/countries/nigeria/) Using evidence from Fig. 3, describe the relationship between the annual household income and the type of household. [3] The higher the annual income of households, the more likely it is to be urban housing. The lower the annual income of households, the more likely it is to be rural housing. [1] This can be seen when the annual household income is lower between $801 - $1600, there are more than 4000000 rural households compared to only about 2000000 urban households. [1] However, when the annual household income increases to about $12001 - $$23000, there are about 250000 0 urban households compared to only about 500000 rural households. [1] (accept other possible answers)

7 7 4. Fig. 4 shows an infographic on the guide to housing grants in Singapore. Fig. 4 (Source: https://dollarsandsense.sg/complete-guide-to-hdb-housing-grants-in-singapore-for-different-types-of- flats/) a) With reference to Fig. 4, explain how the Central Provident Fund (CPF) has helped to provide housing for Singaporeans. [3] With the CPF grants, housing in Singapore has been made more affordable for everyone. [1] For newer and younger families with lower incomes of not more than $5000 per month, they will receive an Additional CPF Housing Grant [1] of up to $40,000 to help offset the cost of purchasing their homes. [1] (accept other possible answers)

8 8 b) With reference to examples you have studied , describe how a sense of belonging is cultivated within HDB housing estates. [3] A sense of belonging is created within HDB housing estates by creating places with special meaning which give people fond memories of their housing estate. [1] Such places are created with unique characteristics or landmarks and monuments which give the housing estate a distinctive identity. [1] An example is the dragon slide playground or the unique design of rounded balconies and spiral staircases in Tiong Bahru. [1] (accept other possible answers)

9 9 5. Fig. 5 below is a dapted from an online Reuters article about Hong Kong’s efforts to ease their housing shortage. Hong Kong leader promises more land to ease housing shortage HONG KONG, Oct 10 2018 (Reuters) - Hong Kong’s leader promised on Wednesday to ease the city’s chronic housing shortage by boosting the supply of land through reclamation and redevelopment projects and allocate more space for public housi