2022 TYS Answers (ThatBioTutor)

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) TYSAnswers2022(ThatBioTutorEdition) IMPTNOTE:- Fordifferencesbetween2023and2024syllabus,seethislisthere.- *Shadedblack=outofsyllabusfrom2024onwards Question Ans Question Ans1 D 21 B2 B 22 B3 D 23 A4 B 24 C5 C 25 D6 B 26 B7 C 27 D8 D 28 D9 A 29 B10 D 30 A11 B 31* B12 B 32 B13 C 33 D14 D 34 C15 D 35 C16 D 36 A17 A 37 D18* C 38 B19 A 39 A20 D 40* A Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q1. (a)● Redbloodcellsarebiconcave,increasingitssurfaceareatovolumeratioforfasterdiffusionofoxygeninandoutofthecell.● Itlacksanucleus,makingspaceformorehaemoglobintobepackedin,increasingitscapacityforoxygentransport.● Itisflexible,soitcansqueezethroughtinycapillariesinordertoreachthetissuesthatitneedstodeliveroxygento. (b)(i) ● 91%islowerthanthehealthyrangeof95-100%,sothepersonlacksbloodoxygen.● Walkingupstairsrequiresenergyformuscularcontractions,whichisgeneratedviaaerobicrespiration,whichusesoxygen.● Thepersonmayfeelmoreexhaustedthanahealthyperson,andmayfeeloutofbreath. (ii)● Pulmonaryvein.● Itcontainsbloodthathasjustpassedthroughthelungs,atwhichitreceivedoxygenfromalveolarairspacesandhaditscarbondioxideremoved. (c)● Carbondioxide:Transportedtolungstobeexcretedduringexhalation.● Whitebloodcells/Lymphcytes/Phagocytes/Antibodies:circulateinbloodprovidingdefenceagainstdisease Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q2. (a)(i) ● Palisademesophyllcell. (ii)● Thelargecentralvacuole. (iii)● Nucleus/Mitochondria/Roughendoplasmicreticulum/Smoothendoplasmicreticulum/Ribosome/Golgibody.o *Reject:Centrioles(onlyfoundinanimalcells!) (b)● Afterawhile,mostofthechloroplastswillbefoundnearthetopofeachoftheleafcells.● Theywouldhavemigratedtowardsthetop,togetneartothelightsourcetoreceivemorelight,● Somorelightenergyisabsorbedbychlorophyllwithinthem,andconvertedtochemicalenergyforahigherrateofphotosynthesis. (c) *Compare=SimilaritiesORDifferences Any3:● Waterentersthecellviaosmosis,whilecarbondioxideentersviadiffusion.● Watermovesdownawaterpotentialgradient,whilecarbondioxidemovesdownitsconcentrationgradient. ● Bothsubstancesmovefromaregionwherethereisahigherproportionofthemtoaregionwherethereisalowerproportionofthem. ● Bothsubstancespassthroughthepartiallypermeableplasmamembranewhenenteringthecytoplasm.● Bothsubstancesmovewithouttheuseofenergy,asdiffusionandosmosisarepassiveprocesses.o *Reject:Bothmovedownaconcentrationgradient(watermovesdownawaterpotentialgradient,notconcentrationgradient) Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q3. (a)● Filamentswillbelongandpendulous,allowingtheantherstoprotrudeoutoftheflower● Antherswillbelargeinordertoproducealotofpollen (b)(i) ● Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen. (ii) Choose2: ● Thereislesserdigestiblecarbohydrateinbrownflourthanwhiteflour,72.0g/100gcomparedto76.3g/100gforwheatflour,and76.5g/100gcomparedto80.1g/100gforriceflour.● Thereismoreindigestiblecarbohydrateinbrownflourthanwhiteflour,4.6/100gcomparedto2.4g/100gforriceflour,and10.7g/100gcomparedto2.7g/100gforwheatflour.● Thereismoreproteininbrownflourthanwhiteflour,7.2/100gcomparedto5.9g/100gforriceflour,and13.2g/100gcomparedto10.3g/100gforwheatflour.● Thereismorefatinbrownflourthanwhiteflour,2.8/100gcomparedto1.4g/100gforriceflour,and2.5g/100gcomparedto1.0g/100gforwheatflour. (iii)● Conductbiuret’stestbymixing1.0gofflourwith2cm 3 ofbiuret’sreagentinatesttubeandshakewell.● Letitstandfor5minutes,andifthemixtureturnsviolet,proteinispresent. (c)● Whenvillidecreaseinsizeandnumberdecrease,totalsurfaceareatovolumeratioofvillidecreases,● Decreasingtherateofabsorptionofdigestedfoodsubstancesviadiffusionandactivetransportthroughoutthesmallintestine,● Andlessglucoseandaminoacidswillbeabsorbedintobloodcapillaries,lessfatsenterlactealsasfatglobules,hencelessnutrientscanbeusedforassimilationbythebody. Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q4. (a)(i) (ii)● Hepaticvein. (b)(i) ● ThetotalpopulationinareasAandBmaybedifferent,henceusingacommondenominatorof100000menallowsustomakeafaircomparison. (ii)● Overall,areaAhadahighernumberofcasesper100000menthanareaBtheentireperiodfrom1960to2000.● InareaA,numberofcasesclimbedsteadilyfrom38/100000in1960to64/100000in1975,thendecreasedsteadilyto35/100000in2000.● InareaB,numberofcasesincreasedgraduallyfrom6/100000in1960to13/100000in1995,thenincreasedsharplyto25/100000in2000. (iii) Choose1: ● Duetohigherawarenessoftheimportanceofhealthyalifestyle/Duetobettereducationofalcohol’shealthimpactsinareaA,lesspeopledrankalcoholexcessively,leadingtolowerratesofseriousliverdisease.● DuetobetterhealthcaretreatmentsinareaA,morepeoplereceivedtreatmentthatpreventedseriousliverdisease.● Alcoholminimumagemighthavebeenraised/taxeswereplacedonalcohol,lesspeoplecouldbuyandconsumeit,decreasingprevalenceofseriousliverdisease. Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) (iv) Choose2: ● Increasedreactiontime/slowedreflexesandcoordinationundertheinfluenceofalcohol● Tendencytoactirrationally● Increasedriskofpeptic/stomach/gastriculcers● Addiction,leadingtoneglectofsocialresponsibilities (c)(i) ● Anorganuponwhichahormoneactsandelicitsaresponsefrom/stimulatestocarryoutaresponse. (ii)● Whenbloodglucoseislowerthanset-point,cellsofisletsofLangerhansinthepancreassecretemoreglucagon,● Whichcauseslivercellstoconvertglycogentoglucoseandreleaseitintothebloodstream,increasingbloodglucosebacktoset-point. Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q5.(a) Choose1: ● Temperature/pHofenvironment/concentrationoforganiccompoundsinsewage. (b) (c)● DifferentmicroorganismscontaindifferentaDNAnucleotidesequences,hencehavedifferentgenes.● ThesedifferentgenesaretranscribedintodifferentmRNAstrands,whicharetranslatedbyribosomesintoauniquesequenceofaminoacids,forminguniquepolypeptides.● Thesefoldintoproteinswithdifferent3Dshapes,andhencearedifferentenzymeswithuniqueactivesites. Stillwantmore?www.thatbiotutor.com-www.instagram.com/thatbiotutor/-www.youtube.com/@thatbiotutor-www.tiktok.com/@thatbiotutor

Credit:WrittenbythecollectiveeffortofourtutorsatThatBioTutor. Youarewelcometosharethesewithanyoneyou’dlike!Justdon’tsellthemforprofit:) Q6.(a)(i) (a)(ii)● (12.5–6.8)/6.8=83.8%(3s.f.) (b) Choose4:● Replacingnaturaltropicalrainforestswouldleadtoalossofhabitatfornativewildlife,leadingtolossofbiodiversity.● Asplantationsarelessdensethanforests,thisreplacesitwithalesseffectivecarbonsink,moreCO2 staysintheatmosphere,increasingglobalwarming.● Itcouldalsoleadtosoilerosionasplantationsarelessdensethannaturalforests,sothereislesstreerootstoholdsoiltogetheraswellaslesscanopycovertoprotecttopsoilfromtheforceofrain.● Erodedsoilmaybedepositedinrivers,blockingwaterflow,causingwaterleveltoriseandcausingfloods.●