Geography_Notes_Final

Geography Notes : PPA2 Revision Climate, Vegetation and Deforestation 1)Climate: With respects to reading a climograph, be able to tell what climatic region the graph represents, and be able to describe what you see on the graph. Make sure to use proper geographical terms, key terms. a)Equatorial b)Tropical monsoon c)Cool temperate P​oint- what you see on the graph D​escriptor word/​A​dverb R​eading from graph(stats) Please refer to ​AS1 climate​ for all of the descriptors. For example, ​temperature P -​ High annual temperature D/A - ​High R - ​25.1 degrees Celsius 2) Vegetation: Characteristics and Adaptations Make sure to use proper geographical terms for describing/ explain the characteristics and adaptations. a)Equatorial b)Coniferous c)Mangroves Refer to the following ​handout Know the skill PEEL and PPECS to answer this type of question. 3) Deforestation: Causes and Effects (+ve + -ve) (solutions good to know) Know the skill PEEL and PPECS to answer this type of question. Refer to ​HD1 Deforestation ​for the causes and effects.

Climates: Recap from Year 1 definition of ​weather​: specific atmospheric conditions in a short period (e.g. day/night) definition of ​climate:​ average conditions over a long period of time (usually >30 years) When describing the climate shown in a climograph, use the following terms: [adhere to this strictly] a) adjective for temperature fluctuating / slight fluctuation / (almost) constant / b) adjective for precipitation evenly distributed / unevenly distributed / distinct wet and dry seasons / seasonal precipitation / throughout the year / some dry months - specific descriptors for details : high moderate low i) mean annual temperature (°C) > 20 10 - 20 < 10 ii) total precipitation (mm) > 1000 250 - 1000 <250 iii) annual temperature range (°C) > 10 5 - 10 < 5 iv) descriptor for temperature range Large Small Very small Altitude ➢is not affected when below 500 m ➢every 1000 m increase will result in a rough decrease of 6.5°C Influence of Climate on Vegetation Growth Different types of natural vegetation are found in different parts of the world. Important factors of climate that affect vegetation growth include: ➢Temperature ○Temperature influences plant growth. Most plants are unable to survive under 6°C. This explains the lack of vegetation under places with polar climates, whereby temperatures are usually sub-zero. Only plants such as moss and lichen are able to adapt to the harsh conditions of polar climate. ○On the other hand, in places with temperatures consistently above 20°C, growth of plants, especially trees - are abundant. ➢Precipitation ○Plant growth is also highly influenced by the precipitation found in an area as it affects the photosynthesis rate of the plant. Many forests are found in areas where precipitation is high (1000mm and above per year) and grasslands are found in

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