2024 NJC Prelims H1 Econs (Q)

This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE Economics Department © NJC 2024 8843/01/24 [Turn over ECONOMICS 8843/01 Paper 1 3 hours No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE SH2 Preliminary Examination for General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Higher 1

2 © NJC 2024 8843/01/24 Answer all questions. Question 1: Feeding a net-zero world Extract 1: Relationship between food systems and climate change Food systems are generally defined as all the activities related to producing, transporting, consuming food, and their effects. They account for around a third of all global greenhouse gas emissions and the emissions are not evenly distributed within the food systems. Agriculture land-uses make up about 65% of food-related emissions, with the remainder driven by both downstream (e.g. transport, waste) and upstream (fuel production) activities. Economic growth in developing countries and the accompanying large increase in consumption for animal-based proteins are expected to sizeably increase emissions from food systems in the coming years. Without urgent action, food system emissions are expected to grow by about 30 – 40% by 2050. This means that even if all other fossil -fuel emissions stopped now, emissions from food systems alone would prevent the world from achieving climate change target. But, affordable and availability of food is essential for food security. Maintaining this and ensuring its resilience in the face of climate change and increasing international tensions is imperative. Recent events have underscored the importance of this issue, with high cost of food contributing to the cost- of-living crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine , and the increasing number and severity of extreme weather events. Agriculture is by its nature affected by climatic conditions, particularly rain - fed agriculture. These impacts are being increasingly felt today. Recently in 2022, Europ e experienced its driest summer on record, leading to a drop in agricultural yields of up to 16% compared to previous years. Beyond agriculture, climate impacts are also being experienced in other parts of the food system s. Climate shocks affect not only agriculture farming, but also transportation of farmed goods, for example if extreme events such as floods and landslides damage key transport infrastructure. Food systems will need to adapt to climate change which poses challenges for ho