2024 CHIJ SNGS SEC4EXP Geog PRELIM MS

1 HUMANITIES_ ANSWERS ● AO1-30%(15marksContent) ● AO2-40%(20marksSkill) ● AO3-30%(15marksJudgment/Decisionmaking) Question1 Qns AO1 AO2 AO3GeographyinEverydaylife18marks (a) 2(b) 6(c) 3(d) 3Total 8 6 Qns AO1 AO2 AO3Tourism(18marks) (a) 2(b) 3(c) 4(d) 9Total 7 3 9Qns AO1 AO2 AO3Climate(18marks) (a) 4(c) 3(d) 5(e) 6Total 8 10OverallTotal 15 20 15 For markerstonote: For questionswhichdonot requireexamples- markscanbeawardedfor gooduseof relevantexamplestoillustrateapoint.

2 1 Cluster 1: GeographyinEverydayLife (a) StudyFig. 1.1(insert) whichisaposter for CommunityResilienceDay2022. WithreferencetoFig. 1.1, explainhowcommunityresiliencecanbedevelopedamongresidents.[2] Students to explain howcommunity resilience canbedeveloped. Theremust bereferencemadetotheFig. if not awardamaxof 1m. Communityresiliencereferstotheabilityof acommunitytoresist, adapt toandrecover fromimpactsof disastersinatimelyandefficient manner. Thiscanbedonethrough: Strengtheningrelationshipsamongresidentswheretheyareencouragedtoget to‘knowtheir neighbours’ sothat theycandependononeanother duringanemergency.Throughtheevent theywill beabletomeet andget toknoweachother especiallysincethereareactivitiestakingplacethere. Tobeabletoorganisethemselvesandequipthemselveswithresourcestoresist,adapt andrecover fromdisaster. ResidentsintheneighbourhoodcanparticipateinactivitiessuchaslearningtodoCPR+AEDat theevent. Accept anyplausibleanswers.(b) Study Fig. 1.2 (insert) which shows a map Gardens by the Bay and Fig. 1.3 below,which is an extract fromtheUrbanAsiaBlogentitled, ‘IsSingaporeTrulySustainable?Greenwashinginthe‘CityinaGarden’. WithreferencetoFig. 1.2and1.3, evaluatethesustainabilityof GardensbytheBay.[6]Studentsmust discussall threepillarsof sustainability–Economic, Cultural andEnvironmental –2markseach.Studentsmust present bothsidestobeawardedfull marks.3marksfor sustainable/ 1markfor unsustainable2marksfor referencetoFigs(must beboththefigs1.2and1.3)If therearenoreferencemadetoFigs. awardamaxof 4marks Economicactivities Economic sustainability refers to all human being enjoying a prosperous life inharmony with nature. The gardens are economically sustainable as in the midst of allthe greenery, therearemanyshopssuchassataybythebaywhereSingaporeanscanbeemployedin. Cultural Cultural sustainability refers to a society which is inclusive. The gardens showcasedthe main cultures in Singapore such as thepresenceof IndianChineseMalaycolonialgardens

3 Environmental Environment sustainability refers to management of natural resources and actionagainst climate change. The gardens have taken many steps such as using cleanenergy e.g. solar power. However, it is also environmentally unsustainable as it alsocausesalot of pollutionthoughtheuseof pesticidesandinsecticides. It alsocontributeto enhance greenhouse effect due to the climate-controlled structures, including theworld’slargest glassgreenhouse. Accept anyplausibleanswers.(c) Agroupof studentsfromSNGSwantedtoinvestigatetherolethat Bidadari Parkplaysfor theresidentslivingintheareatoacquireasenseof placeinthenewneighbourhood. (i) Oneof thequestionsintheir surveywas:‘Howmanytimesamonthdoyouvisit theparkandabout howlongdoyoustayper visit?’ Theyplottedtheresultsof thequestionfor thefirst dayinthescatter plot showninFig. 1.4below. Fig. 1.4 Drawabest fit lineonFig. 1.4anddescribetherelationshipbetweenfrequencyofvisit andlengthof stay.[3] Lineof best fit [1] Describetherelationship: Studentstoprovidetherelationshipbasedonthelineof best fit andsupport withdataandidentifytheanomaly. If nodataisquotedawardamaxof 1m.

4 Therelationshipisthat themorethefrequencyof visitsthelonger thelengthofstayat thepark+Datatosupport thisrelationship–must have2datapoints–anysuitabledatafromtheFig. 1.3 Anomaly: onerespondent hadlowfrequencybut stayedfor alongduration(support withdatafromFig. 1.3e.g. thevisitor visitedlessthat 5timesbut stayedfor about 27minseachtime. Accept anyplausibleanswers. (ii) Thestudentsalsoconductedavisitor count of theparkat location‘X’ alongtheHeritagewalkshowninFig. 1.4(insert). Theycountedthepeoplewalkingintotheparkfor 10minsfor eachhour theywerethere. Theresult of thevisitor count isshowninFig. 1.5. Visitor count tothepark Fig. 1.6 With reference to Figs. 1.4 and 1.5, how valid is the students’ findings on thenumber of visitorstothepark.[3] Studentsmust discussboththevalidityandinvalidityof thedata.If onlyonesided, maxmarkstobeawardedis2marksStudents must make reference to the data in their answers. If no data isreferredto, maxmarkstobeawardedis2marks. Valid:Time- Lengthof timefor thecollectionof dataislongenough–5hoursLocation – goodasthelocationwouldhavehightrafficanditsat theentrypoint ofthepark. Not validLocation – may double count, they may just be going through the park and notvisit thepark.Thereareother entrypointstothepark.Time – Only went once and only in the afternoon so this may not berepresentative. Accept anyplausibleanswers.

5 2 Cluster 2: Tourism(a) StudyFig. 2(insert) whichshowsaflow-linemapof global tourismflows. UsingFig. 2.1, describetheflowof touriststoandfromUSA. [2] StudentsaretodescribewherethetouriststoUSarecomingfromandalsowheretheUStouristsaregoing. If noreferencetoFig. 2.1ismadeawardamaxof1m. DirectionandMagnitudeMost touriststravellingtoUSarefromMiddleEast (6.1millon) andtheleast fromEurope(2.3million)Tourist leavingUStravelledtoLatinAmerica(1.1millsion) Accept anyplausibleanswers. (b) Explainhowtourismcanpositivelyimpact theeconomy.[3] Studentsareexplainoneor twopositiveimpactsof tourismontheeconomy.For 3markstobeawardedfor onlyonefactor it must beadetailedexplanation(includethedata). Creationof employmentTourism contributes positively to the economies of countries by creating employmentopportunities and incomes. The tourism industry is relies on a huge workforce toproduce goods or services. labour intensive and hence creates a large number andwide range of employment opportunities. In 2019, tourism accounted for 330 millionjobs worldwide representing about 10% of the global workforce and between 2015 -2019, about 25%of all newjobswerecreatedbythetourismindustry. GrossDomesticProductIn2019, thetourismindustrycontributedabout 10%toglobal GDP. Tourismgeneratesahuge amount of money for governments and raises personal incomes for locals. Whentourists spend money on goods and services offered by locals such as accomodationand food, they can increase the incomes for these locals. Taxes on tourismspendingcan provide governments with considerable revenues. This can then be used to investin improving infrastructure, pay for education and health services, which can benefitlocal communities. For instance, tourismcontributes4%toSingapore’sGDP- themoretourists Singapore manages to attract, the more spending tourists will contribute toSingapore’seconomy, henceboostingthenational GDP. Accept anyplausibleanswers. (c) Explaintheroleof governmentsininfluencingsustainabledevelopment intourism.[4] Students aretodescribewhat government candowhentryingtodeveloptourismsustainably. 1mfor each description and marks maybeawardedif examplesthatillustratestheideaisgiven. Accept all plausibleanswers.

6 The government caninfluencesustainabletourismdevelopment byestablishingpoliciesandcreatingplansaswell asenforcingregulations. Governments can set up policies or plans that other stakeholders will be required toadhere to. This will ensure minimal damage to the environment while maximizingbenefits to locals. For example, in Sentosa, Singapore, the authorities can enforce theadoption of plans to conserve the richheritagewhileprotectingtheislands’ biodiversity.Theyalsoaimtoachievecarbonneutralityby2030. Governments can also play a key role in enforcing regulations by limiting the type oftourismactivity and the number of tourists that can enter a tour site. InBhutan, touristscan only enter the country by organizing their trip with licensed tour operators thusreducingthenumber of touriststhat canenter Bhutanat anygiventime. Accept anyplausibleansw