2024 CHIJ STC SEC4EXP Geog PRELIM MS

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography Cluster1:GeographyinEverydayLife1. (a) AgroupofSingaporeanstudentswantedtofindoutifthereareenoughfacilitiesintheneighborhoodofTelokBlangahCrescent(Fig.1.1)to supporttheageingresidentpopulation. They createda closed-endedquestionnaire to testtheirhypothesis“There aresufficientfacilitiesin TelokBlangahCrescentto supporttheageingresidentpopulation.” Fig. 1.1 (i) WithreferencetoinformationfromFig.1.1,describehowthestudentscouldcollectdatafortheirinvestigation. ● Studentsshoulddividethemselvesto work inpairs.Eachpaircanlocate themselves at the variouslocationsaroundthehousingestate where there isconsistenthumantraffice.g.busstopsalongmainroads(e.g.TelokBlangahWay),neareateries,parks (e.g.MtFaberGreen)andexercisestationswhere theycanapproachelderlyresidentswhopassby.● Studentsmustfirstdeterminea reasonabletimeframe(e.g.1hour, 3timesaday)forthesamplingprocesstoberealisticandfeasible.Studentscanusesystematicsampling,for instance,approachingevery fifthelderly personwho passesby tocompletetheirquestionnaire. [3] 1

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography ● Studentswillfirstneedto ascertainif theelderly isaresidentbeforeadministeringthesurvey.● Studentswillalsoneedtoobtainasufficientlylargesamplesize(e.g.>30)to ensure thatthey geta large enough varietyofanswerstorepresenttheviewsoftheelderly. (ii) Thestudentsstruggledin collectingresponseswiththeirsamplingtechniqueasmany oftheelderlytheyapproacheddeclinedtoanswerthequestionnaire. Whenquestionedby theirteacher, they explainedhowtheymanagedtocompletetheirfieldworkandpresentedsomeoftheirdatainTable1below. We resortedto approachingany elderly thatwe comeacrossatthecoffeeshops,exercisecorners,aswellasRadinMasCommunityClub.Intotal,weacquiredatotalof12responsesafteramorningofhardwork.Whilesomerespondentswere helpful,someoftheelderlyseemedtostrugglewith thelanguageusedinthesurveyandtookalongtimetocompleteit. Facilities VeryDissatisfied DissatisfiedNeutral Satisfied Verysatisfied Food 2 3 4 3 0Healthcare 3 2 5 2 0 Recreation 1 1 7 2 1 Retail 0 2 8 2 0Table1 Commentonthereliabilityandvalidityofthedatacollected. ● Thedatacollectedis notreliable.Thisis becausethesamplesizeof 12is toosmall,hencethedatacollectedmay notberepresentative of theviews of alltheelderly livinginTelokBlangahCrescent.● Thisdatacollectedis alsonotreliablebecausethesamplingmethodusedhere isconveniencesampling,whichresultsinabiasedselection.● Thedatacollectedisnotvalidbecausetherespondentshadtostrugglewiththelanguageusedinthesurvey andtookalongtimeto complete it. It is likely thatthey do not really [3] 2

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography understandthe survey andmay have filledit up withoutunderstandingitasintended.● Thedatacollectedisalsonotvalidbecausetoomanyresponseswereneutral.Inthecategoriesofrecreationandretail,7/12or8/12oftherespondentswerenotabletotakeastand,thus,thedataisnotmeaningfulforinterpreting. (b) StudyFig.1.2below, whichshowsKampungAdmiralty, anintegrateddevelopmentthatisdesignedtocatertoarangeofdiverseneedsforitsresidents. Fig. 1.2 UsingFig.1.2,describetheways in whichKampungAdmiraltyensureseconomicandenvironmentalsustainability. Reserve1markforeconomicandenvironmentalsustainabilityrespectively. ● Thecommunitygardensserve as habitatsfor wildlife, providingprotectionandfoodfor them.Thisensures thatbiodiversityismaximisedinanurbansetting.● Thebuildingsare alsoconstructed withgreenfacadesandroofgardens.Thesehelpto reducetheamountofsolarenergythatthebuildingsabsorb. Hence,theneedto rely oncoolingapplianceisreduced.● Thevegetationalsohelpsto remove heatfromtheatmosphereduringevapotranspiration.Hence,theuseof coolingapplianceisreduced,loweringtheconsumptionofelectricity. [2] 3

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography ● KampungAdmiraltycanensureeconomicsustainabilitybecausethenearby studioapartmentsinhigh risebuildingsmeanthatthere ishighenoughpopulationdensitytosupportlocalbusinesses.● Localbusinessesare neartheresidentialareas,andthiscankeeptransportandinfrastructurecostslow. Thisalsohelpsineliminatingtheneedforextra infrastructurese.g.bridgesorroadsto connectthem. (c) Study Fig.1.3(Insert),whichshows informationonwildfire riskacrossareasintheUnitedStates. Withreferenceto Fig.1.3(Insert),describethelevel ofriskofwildfiresacrossareasintheUnitedStates. ● Generally, theriskofwildfiresisthehighestinthewestcoastoftheUnitedStates,especiallyin LosAngeles.ThesurroundingcoastalregionsinthewestcoastsuchasSanFranciscoandLosAngeleshavearelativelyhighriskofwildfires.● ThisrelativelyhighriskextendsnorthtocertainpartsofSeattle,andtowardsareasfurtherawayinthesoutheastatMiami. ● Furtherinlandfromthe westcoast,moreareasexperiencerelativelymoderateriskofwildfires,suchasDallas,orareassouthofSeattle.ThisalsoappliestosomepartsofthesoutherncoastsuchasHouston. ● CoastalareassuchasNewYork,Philadelphia,andWashingtonforma narrowcoastalbeltalongtheeastcoastof theUnitedStates,experiencingrelativelymoderateriskofwildfires,buttheriskisverylowslightlyfurtherinland. ● MostinlandareasinthecontinentalinteriorsuchasStLouisandChicagoareexperiencingrelativelyloworlowriskofwildfires. [3] (d) Explainhow communityresiliencecan be developedin residentialneighborhoods. Buildingrelationships● Communityresiliencecan be developedby strengtheningrelationshipsamongresidents.Thismay be achieved throughactivitiesthatencourageresidentstogetto‘knowtheirneighbours’,developingbetter neighbourly relations.Whenneighboursgettoknow oneanotherbetter, they cancare for anddependononeanotherduringtimesof emergency. Thiswillalsoenablemoreeffective neighborhoodmanagementplansto beputinplace,whichwillgainmorewidespreadsupportandlong-termparticipationfromtheresidents.Buildingknowledge● Communityresiliencecanbedevelopedbyraisingtheirawarenessofpotentialhazards. Communitycenters may organizeeducational [3] 4

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography workshopsontopicssuchasoncommonurbanfire andelectricalhazards. Thiswillimprove theknowledgeof residents,whocanbetterpreventsuchhazardsandavoidunnecessaryhazards. Buildingabilitytoresist, adaptandrecover● Communityresiliencecanbe developedby improvingresidents’abilityto organizethemselvesandequipthemselveswithresourcesto resist, adaptandrecoverfroma disaster. Residentsmay take upemergencypreparednesscoursesto learnbasicfirstaid andlifesavingskillssuchasCPRandhowtouseanAED. Thiswillallowthemtorenderassistancetoneighboursinneedmostefficientlyasafirstresponder, allowingresidentstobettertakecareofpeoplelivingintheircommunity. 5

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography Cluster2:Tourism2 (a) StudyFig.2.1below, whichshowsseveraltypesoftourismactivitiesthatencouragepeopletotravel. HopOn/HopOffLondonSightseeingBus TouristflighttoSpace Basejumpingcourse GuidedwalkingtouratheritagesitesFig. 2.1 [3] 6

ANSWERSCHEMESecondary4ExpressPrelims2024ElectiveGeography Withreferenceto Fig.2.1,explainhow thedifferentactivitiesappealtotouristsofdifferentpersonalitycharacteristics. [Statingwhichactivitieswillattracttheventurers]● Tourismactivitiessuchassuchasbasejumpingandflightstospaceappealmore to theVenturerstouristprofile,whoarekeentoreachoutandexploretheworld.[Explainingwhytheseactivitieswillattracttheventurers]● Thesetouristshave apro-explorationmindset, andtheyarekeentovisituniqueplaceswhere they canparticipate innewexperiencesandactivities,evenifitislessconvenient. Asthesetouristsaremorespontaneousandopento a widerdiversityofactivities,includingthosethatcarrysomerisk,theymaybedrawntomoreadventurousactivitieslikebasejumpingandspaceexploration. [Statingwhichactivitieswillattractthedependables]● Tourismactivitiessuchas guidedwalkingtoursandsightseeingbusesmayappealmoretotheDependablestouristprofile. [Explainingwhytheseactivitieswillattractthedependables]● Thedependablesare touristswho try to make muchof theirtravellingpredictable. (b) Describehowglobalisationaffectstrendsininternationaltourism. ● Globalisationaffects international