Biology must know questions

Must knowquestions<3 1. Describewhat happenstoafertilisedegginitsearlydevelopment.a. Thezygoteundergoesmitosistoformdaughter cellswhicharecalledembryo.b. Theembryoimplantsintheuterinelining.c. Finger-likeprojectionscalledvilli growfromtheembryointotheuterinelining.Theycontainbloodcapillariesof theembryo. Thevilli andtheuterineliningmakeuptheplacenta.d. Amnioticsacwill enclosetheembryo. Amnioticfluidfillstheamnioticsac.e. Theumbilical cordattachesthefetustotheplacenta. Thetwoumbilical arteriestransport deoxygenatedbloodandmetabolicwasteproductsfromthefetustotheplacenta. Theumbilical veinstransport oxygenatedbloodandfoodsubstanceslikeglucosefromtheplacentatothefetus. 2. Describehowmeiosisleadstotheformationof newgeneticcombinations.a. Formationof gametesinvolvesmeiosisi. Crossingover of chromatidsof homologouschromosomesinprophaselof meiosis.ii. Formationof newcombinationsof allelesinprophasel.iii. Independent assortment of chromosomesat metaphasel.b. Randomfertilisation 3. Howdoesagenemutationleadtotheproductionof anewenzyme/hormone/protein?a. ChangesinDNA, basesequenceb. Changeinsequenceof nucleotidesc. Control productionof aspecificpolypeptided. Changeinsequenceof aminoacids 4. Comparebreathingandrespiration.a. Breathingismovingair intoandout of thelungsbut respirationisthereleaseofenergyfromfood.b. Breathingisaphysical processof exchangeof gasesbut respirationisachemical processthat takesplaceinlivingcells. 5. Describetheprocessesafter exercise.a. Continuetobreatheat ahighratetoprovideenoughoxygentopayofftheoxygendebt.

b. Continuetohaveahighpulseratetoprovideenoughoxygentopayofftheoxygendebt.c. Lacticacidistransportedfromthemusclestotheliver wherelacticacidisbrokendown. 6. Differentiatebetweenareflexactionandavoluntaryaction.a. Areflexactionisfaster thanavoluntaryactionb. Areflexactionisanunconsciouscontrol but avoluntaryactionisaconsciouscontrol.c. Reflexactionisautomaticbut voluntaryactionisnot automatic.d. Reflexactionbeginswiththereceptor beingstimulatedhowever voluntaryactionbeginswithadecisionfromthebrain.e. Reflexactionwill alwaysinvolvethesensoryneuronshowever voluntaryactionmayor maynot involvethesensoryneuron.f. Bothinvolvethetransmissionof nerveimpulses.g. Bothinvolvemotor neuronstransmittingnerveimpulsetotheeffector. 7. Suggest what causesthefall inbloodpressurewhenthebloodpassesfromtheaortatothevenacava.a. Aortaandarterieshavethicker muscular wallsascomparedtoveins. Capillarieshavenomuscletissueinthewall. Therewill begreater recoil of thevessel wall inthearterythancomparedtotheveins. Thereisnorecoil of thecapillarywall.b. Aortaandarterieshavesmaller lumenrelativetodiameter ascomparedtocapillariesandveins. Thiscauseslossof bloodpressureasbloodmovesfromsmaller crosssectional areatolarger crosssectional areainthecapillariesandtheveins.c. Thelossof pressureduetofrictionfromarteriestocapillariesthanveins. 8. Explainhowexercisecausesafall inthebloodglucoseconcentration.a. Musclecellsundergoahigher rateof aerobicrespiration. Moreglucoseoxidisedtorele