Ri Y3 Chem Exercise definitions and chemistry of acids and bases.pdf

1 Definitions ACID BASE Common definition (Arrhenius) a substance that produces H+ in aqueous solution a substance that produces OH− in aqueous solution Expanded definition (Bronsted-Lowry) a substance that donates H+ a substance that accepts H+ Fill in the blanks. Chemistry of Acids 1 Acid reacts with Base to form Salt and Water (a) Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride + water (b) Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide  ………………………………………………….. (c) Sulfuric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium sulfate + water (d) Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide  ……………………………………………………….. (e) Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium nitrate + water (f) Nitric acid + Calcium hydroxide  ……………………………………………………………... 2 Acid reacts with Carbonate to form Salt, Water and Carbon dioxide (a) Hydrochloric acid + Sodium carbonate  Sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide (b) Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate  ………………………………………………….... (c) Sulfuric acid + Magnesium carbonate  ……………………………………………………… (d) Nitric acid + Iron(II) carbonate  ………………………………………………………………. Raffles Institution Raffles Programme Year Three Chemistry Name: ________________________________ ( ) Class: _______ Date: _____________ Exercise – The Definitions and Chemistry of Acids and Bases Acids also react with substances called ‘bicarbonates’ or ‘hydrogen carbonates’. In these reactions the bicarbonates behave exactly like carbonates. For example: Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydrogen carbonate  Sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

2 3 Acid reacts with Reactive Metal to form Salt and Hydrogen (a) Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium  Magnesium chloride + hydrogen (b) Hydrochloric acid + Iron  ……………………………………………………………………. (c) Sulfuric acid + Zinc  …………………………………………………………………………. The Chemistry of Bases 1 Base reacts with Acid to form Salt and Water (a) Sodium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid  Sodium chloride + water (b) Calcium oxide + Hydrochloric acid  ………………………………………………………….. (c) Copper(II) oxide + Sulfuric acid  ……………………………………………………………... (d) Magnesium oxide + Nitric acid  ………………………………………………………………. 2 Base reacts with Ammonium salt to form Salt, Water and Ammonia (a) Sodium hydroxide + Ammonium chloride  Sodium chloride + water + ammonia (b) Calcium hydroxide + Ammonium nitrate  …………………………………………………… (c) Magnesium oxide + Ammonium sulfate  ……………………………………………………. (d) Iron(II) oxide + Ammonium chloride  ………………………………………………………… 3 Alkali reacts with (some) Salt solutions to form Salt and Insoluble Hydroxide {An alkali is a soluble base} (a) Sodium hydroxide + Copper(II) sulfate  Sodium sulfate + Copper(II) hydroxide (b) Sodium hydroxide + Iron(II) sulfate  ………………………………………………………… (c) Sodium hydroxide + Zinc chlorid