HCI 2023 Prelim Paper 2

HWA CHONG INSTITUTION JC2 Preliminary Examinations Higher 2 CANDIDATE NAME CT GROUP 22A/S CENTRE NUMBER INDEX NUMBER ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS Paper 2 Investigating Language Use in Society No Additional Materials are required. 9508/02 18 September 2023 3 hours READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions of the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Answer three questions: you must answer at least one question from Section A and at least one question from Section B. Answer each question on a FRESH page. At the end of the examination, insert any additional booklets that you have used into the 12 -page booklet. All questions carry equal marks. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. A reference chart of IPA Phonemic Symbols is provided at the end of this Question Paper. This document consists of 10 printed pages. [Turn over

2 Section A: Language Variation and Change Answer at least one question from this section. Answers should demonstrate awareness of wider geographical/historical/social perspectives (as appropriate) in relation to English language. Examples may be drawn from written or spoken English, or from both. Do not repeat material in your answers to different questions on this Paper. 1 Read Texts A(i) and A(ii) and then answer the following question. Discuss in detail significant issues related to English as a global language. You should include a range of examples and/or ideas from Texts A(i) and A(ii), and from your wider studies of the English language, with detailed reference to lexis, grammar, syntax and discourse as appropriate. [25] Text A(i) is an adapted article (2023) from the website of The Economist. In northern Europe, a backlash against English is under way. Many citizens of Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden are fluent in English and often impress tourists with their command of the language. This aptitude has also prompted controversy, however, as universities have become excellent, international institutions offering courses taught mostly—or even entirely—in English. Some citizens of the Netherlands and Nordic countries wonder what space will be left for their national languages if their flagship universities increasingly do not teach in it. Linguists call it “domain loss”. The language does not die out, since new generations of children continue to be brought up with it, but speakers use it in fewer academic contexts. In June, Robbert Dijkgraaf, Minister of Education in the Netherlands, announced that at least two- thirds of teaching in undergraduate programmes would have to be in Dutch. University le