2024 SJI Prelim Question Paper

ST JOSEPH’S INSTITUTION PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2024 (YEAR 4) CANDIDATE NAME CLASS 4 0 INDEX NUMBER HUMANITIES Paper 1 Social Studies Additional Materials: Answer Booklet 2260/01 2261/01 24 August 2024 1 hour 45 minutes (08:05 – 09:50) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet will be provided with this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question. This document consists of 8 printed pages including this cover page.

2 [Turn Over SECTION A (Source-Based Case Study) Answer all questions. Living in a Diverse Society Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the issue to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. 1 Study Source A. Why do you think this cartoon was produced? Explain your answer. [5] 2 Study Sources B and C. How different are these two sources? Explain your answer. [6] 3 Study Source D Are you surprised by what Source D is saying about housing quotas? Explain your answer. [7] 4 Study Sources E and F. Having read Source E, can you trust what Source F says about the effectiveness of quotas? Explain your answer [7] 5 ‘Quotas result in positive outcomes.’ Using the sources in this case study, explain how far you would agree with this statement. [10 ]

3 How effective are quotas in addressing diversity? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. To uplift disadvantaged groups, governments can enact a set of policies and practices to bridge inequalities in employment and income levels, thereby increasing access to education and promoting equity in a diverse society. Some countries use a quota system, reserving a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies for members of a certain group. An example of this is the Reservation System in India which helps disadvantaged groups achieve social - economic mobility. Other countries that utilise quotas include Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Norway, and Burundi. However, these quotas face criticism as they hinder other groups who are also disadvantaged in other ways. These policies also hamper admissions or employment based on merit, resulting in deserving people being disgruntled. Study the following sources to find out how effective quotas are in addressing diversity.

4 Source A: An online cartoon depicting India’s Reservation System in university admissions, August 2020. *The words on the hurdles from top to bottom are: “Protests!!!”, “Politicians don’t listen!”, “Ask for reservation based on economic condition’, “Deserving candidates miss out on opportunities”, “Friction among social groups”, and “52.5% of seats reserved”. Source B: From a speech by Mr Desmond Lee, Minister For National Development & Minister-In-Charge of Social Services and Integration at an engagement session, 25 September 2022. Our pioneer leaders set right out to improve living conditions and provide basic housing. But it was not just about building flats, but pursuing higher ideals of multi - culturalism and social cohesion as they were building a nation. The Ethnic Integration P olicy (EIP) was implemented in 1989 to ensure that every neighbourhood practically reflected our ethnic diversity. Under the EIP, there are limits on the total percentage of a block or neighbourhood that may be occupied by a certain ethnicity. If we did not even live next to each other or with each other, how would we even begin to understand each other’s culture and faiths? You can have programmes, you can talk about multi -culturalism, but if in the first place you do not live next to each other, if we do not from time to time suffer those frictions along the way and learn to overcome them and build understanding, what is multi-culturalism in reality then? University applicant

5 Source C: From a news article about South Africa’s racial quota law in an international news website, July 2023. The Employment Equity Amendment Bill has been set up by the South African government in 2020 to promote diversity in the workplace and close the racial economic gap. The government will identify sectors in need of transformation and impose a numerical targ et to encourage equitable representation of people from historically disadvantaged groups. South Africa’s main opposition party has criticised the new law, saying that it would cause at least 220,000 white people, 85,000 coloured people, and 50,000 Indians to lose their jobs within the next five years in Gauteng – the country’s industrial hub. Currently in the first 3 months of 2023, nearly 40% of Black South Africans were unemployed as compared to 7.5% among white people. Black South Africans make up 80% of the employable population but account for 16.9% of top business management jobs, while w hite people who comprise about 8% of the employable population hold 62.9%. Source D: From a speech by former Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam at an international symposium that promotes dialogue and collaboration, 7 May 2015. 85% per cent of Singapore live in public housing, covering the lower to upper-middle- income group. But every single block of flats and every single precinct requires an ethnic balance. Once a particular ethnic group gets beyond a certain quota in that block or precinct, buyers of this ethnic group must look elsewhere when purchasing a resale flat. You can’t just get more and more of the same people concentrating themselves in the same neighbourhood. When this was first done, I don’t think we knew how important it was going to be. And it turned out to be our greatest strength. Because once people live together, they’re not just walking their corridors together every day and taking the same elevators up and down; their kids go to the same kindergartens, the same primary schools. Because all over the world, young kids go to schools very near to where they live. And they grow up together.

6 Source E: From a news article in a website providing research -based news and analysis of world issues, January 2024. Since 2005, Burundi has set quotas to ensure that the country’s three ethnic groups (Hutu, Tutsi and Twa), as well as women, are represented in its parliament, central government and municipal administrations. Its constitution states that women should make up at least 30% of these institutions. Burundi has made significant strides in ethnic integration over the course of the last decade. Gender quotas have gradually resulted in women being assigned to prominent ministerial portfolios. The country has one of the highest shares of women in parliament. It ranks 41st out of 145 countries in the 2023 global political empowerment metric. The imp act of this, however, has been mixed. Women have remained confined to typically “feminine”, care-giving ministerial portfolios, such as health and education, over nearly two decades. They have been excluded from portfolios such as defence, security and for eign affairs. Their representation as senior advisers to the president or as heads of companies has remained marginal. Source F: An infographic posted in an international publication specialising in research-driven insights on busi