ACSI 2024 Geog Elective Prelim MS

1 [Turn Over Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2024 YEAR FOUR EXPRESS HUMANITIES 2260/02 Paper 2 Geography MARKING SCHEME

2 [Turn Over 1 (a) Describe the hazard and explain its impacts on the residents staying close by. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct description and explanation. Possible responses include: It is air pollution from factories. Air pollution can cause health issues such as breathing difficulties to the residents. 1 (b) (i) Compare the trend in the number of residential fires and deaths to civilians between 1977 to 2017. [2m] Award 1 mark for correct explanation on the similarity Award 1 mark for correct explanation on the differences using data from graph Possible responses include: Both number of fires and number of civilian deaths decreased There is greater decrease in the number of residential fires where civilian deaths decreased by 58% and number of residential fires decreased by 46%

3 [Turn Over 1 (b) (ii) Explain how building community resilience might reduce the risks of residential fires. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 points on community resilience No marks awarded for writing having extinguisher or fire alarm at home. Possible responses include: Neighbours can help to look out for any fire occurrences and help to extinguish the fire before it can spread to more houses while waiting for arrival of SCDF Volunteers who are the Community First Responders can help to educate the neighbours on fire hazard and encourage them to be alert while cooking, not to charge PMD illegally and look out for spoilt electrical wiring to prevent residential fires. 1 (c) (i) Identify the sampling method they could use for the investigation and describe how it can be conducted. [3m] Award 1 mark for correct identification of sampling method Award 2 marks for correct explanation on 2 points on how it is conducted Possible responses include It is stratified random sampling They should use random number generator to decide on interviewing around 20 visitors of different age groups 1 (c) (ii) Describe how the students collected the data shown in Fig. 1.3. [3m] Award 1 mark each for correct description of 3 points on how they collect the data Possible responses include: They should station themselves at the entrance of the park They will select the visitors and ask them question on their age group. Students need to walk around the park to count the number of amenities namely number of carpark, toilets, sheltered benches and vending machines and record on recording sheet

4 [Turn Over 1 (c) (ii) Explain how the students could ensure that the data collected was reliable. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 points Possible responses include They should conduct the survey on the same day and at the same timing at the 3 parks. 2 (a) (i) With reference to Fig 2.1, explain why adventure tourists might be attracted to visit Sibu Island. [3m] Award 1 mark each for correct description of any 3 activities where adventure tourists prefer at the island Max 2 marks if no relevant activities are quoted in the answer Possible responses include: Tourists might be interested in water activities such as swimming in the beach and wind surfing. Tourists might be interested in jungle hike Tourists are interested to go diving and snorkeling (or cycling, canoeing, see the scenic beauty is not accepted)

5 [Turn Over 2 (a) (ii) Explain how tourists’ motivation to travel led to the growth of tourism in Sibu Island. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 points on motivation to travel with reference to the activities in the island, max 1 mark if no activities mentioned Possible responses include: Tourists visit Sibu Island to relax from their stressful working environment by enjoying nature and beautiful scenery Tourists visit the island to achieve personal growht and self fulfilment through activities such as diving and snorkelling to see the corals (or tourists visit the island for unique travel experiences where they have never done before such as kelong fishing or hiking in the jungle) 2 (a) (iii) Explain why conservationists are concerned with the large number of tourists to Sibu Island. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 points on negative impacts to the environment of the island Possible responses include: Some tourists might litter at the beach which might harm marine lives. Too many tourists diving or snorkelling to see the coral reefs might harm them instead 2 (a) (iv) Explain two unexpected events that can cause economic benefits from tourism at Sibu Island to fluctuate. [2m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 relevant points Possible responses include: Natural disasters in Malaysia such as floods or heat waves might discourage tourists from visiting the island due to safety concerns If there is political riot in Malaysia, there might be decline in visitors due to safety concerns of being harmed during the riots (or diseases such as dengue or bird flu epidemic)

6 [Turn Over 2 (a) (v) Explain how tourism development in Sibu Island contributes to social and environmental sustainability. [4m] Award 1 mark each for correct explanation of 2 points on social and 2 points on economic impacts Possible responses include: Social sustainability With more tourists to the island, more locals can earn higher income by working at the bicycle rental shop or snorkelling rental shop or guides Locals can also learn more on the tourists’ culture and allow tourists to have tolerance and better understanding of locals’ culture Environmental sustainability The natural environment in the island will be conserved such as coral reefs and the jungle Biodiversity will also be conserved such as marine animals and birds around the island 2 (b) (i) Using named examples, compare between community based tourism and ecotourism. [3m] Award 1 mark for correct description of a similarity and differences including relevant named examples, max 2 marks if no named examples given Possible responses include: Both community based and ecotourism focus on benefiting the local community Community based tourism is managed by the local communities which includes homestays such as visit to the Karen tribe in Chiangmai. Ecotourism involves visits to natural areas such as visit to Galapagos Island in Ecuador to learn more on the plants and wildlife. 2 (b) (ii) Explain the limitations of c