SimplyTuition_AL H2 Physics_Volume I. Definitions & Formulas

© 2025 Simply Tuition. All Rights Reserved. 1

© 2025 Simply Tuition. All Rights Reserved. 2

© 2025 Simply Tuition. All Rights Reserved. 3 Chapter 1: Measurement Physical quantities are measurable properties with a magnitude and a unit. Base quantities are fundamental physical quantities defined and measured independently of other quantities. Derived quantities are physical quantities calculated from base quantities using mathematical operations. Scalar quantities are physical quantities that have only magnitude. Vector quantities are physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Systematic errors are measurement errors that consistently cause measured values to deviate from their true value by a fixed magnitude and in one direction. Zero error is a type of systematic error that occurs when a measuring instrument does not start from exactly zero. Parallax error is a type of systematic error that occurs due to incorrect eye positioning when reading the measuring scale. Random errors are measurement errors where the measured values differ from the mean value with varying magnitudes and directions. Precision refers to the degree of closeness between repeated measurements of the same quantity under consistent conditions. Accuracy refers to the degree of closeness between a measured value and the true or accepted value of the quantity being measured. Uncertainty, 𝚫 refers to the range of possible values associated with a measured quantity due to limitations in the measurement process or instrument precision. 𝐼𝑓 𝑌 = 𝐴𝛼𝐵𝛽 𝐶𝛾 , Δ𝑌 𝑌 = 𝛼 Δ𝐴 𝐴 + 𝛽 ΔB 𝐵 + 𝛾 ΔC 𝐶 Homogeneity of physical equations refers to the principle that a valid physical equation must be dimensionally consistent, meaning all terms must have the same units or dimensions . Dimensionless constants are constants with no units.

© 2025 Simply Tuition. All Rights Reserved. 4 Chapter 2: Kinematics Distance, 𝒅 is the total length covered by a moving object regardless of its direction of motion. Displacement, 𝒔 is the distance measured in a straight line from a fixed reference point. 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 1 2 𝑎𝑡2 Speed, |𝒗| is the rate of change of distance with respect to time. |v| = |𝑢| + 𝑎𝑡 Velocity, 𝒗 is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣2 − 𝑢2 = 2𝑎𝑠 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 Acceleration, 𝒂 is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ∆𝑣 ∆𝑡 = 𝑣 − 𝑢 𝑡 Uniform acceleration is a constant rate of change of velocity with respect to time. Free fall is the motion of an object in a gravitational field where the only force acting on the object is the gravitational force. Terminal velocity is the velocity at which a falling object experiences zero acceleration and travels at a constant speed. It occurs when the air resistance acting against the object equals its weight. Rectilinear motion is the one-dimensional motion of an object along a straigh