Pasir Ris Crest 1E Geography EOY 2022

1 PASIR RIS CREST SECONDARY SCHOOL End-of-Year Examination 2022 Secondary One Express CANDIDATE NAME CLASS / INDEX NUMBER Geography 6 October 2022 1 hour 30 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue, highlighters or correction fluid. Answer ALL questions. Candidates should support their answers with the use of relevant examples. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 45. For Examiner’s Use 45 Parent’s Signature This document consists of 10 printed pages.

2 Section A: Response to Geographical Issue [10m] 1. Study the article in Fig. 1 and answer the questions that follow. Fighting Deforestation in the Congo Basin The Congo Basin is home to the world’s second largest tropical forest after the Amazon. It is home to rich biodiversity, with over 400 species of mammals, 1,000 species of birds, and 10,000 species of plants. This huge forest covering 286 million hectares is currently suffering deforestation due to more trees being cleared for plantations, mining and illegal wood trade. To deal with this situation, the France Development Agency (FDA) and other agencies are setting rules to manage the clearing of trees in the Congo Basin. However, government agencies do not always have the ability to enforce responsible logging, monitor the actions of loggers, and reduce the demand for agricultural land in these large forested areas. Hence, to ensure that the logging of forests within the Congo Basin is regulated, FDA has supported a project to provide the government agencies with the technology to monitor forest cover using satellite images. In some areas, they have provided the Ministry of Forestry, Environment and Protection of Natural Resources with equipment and training on how to prevent illegal logging. Fig. 1 a) Locate and circle the Congo Basin Rainforest on the map in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 [1]

3 b) Identify the key geographical issue discussed in the article. [1] _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ c) Evaluate the strength and limitation of the strategy used to manage the Congo Basin Rainforest. [4] _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ d) After learning about the challenges in the Congo Basin, suggest and describe TWO actions that you can take as an individual to address the issue. [4] _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

4 Section B: Structured Questions [35m] 2. Fig. 3 shows the number of water pollution incidents in the United Kingdom from 2001 to 2016. Water pollution incidents in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2001 to 2016 Fig. 3 a i) With reference to Fig. 3, describe the overall trend of water pollution incidents in the UK from 2001 to 2016. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ii) With reference to Fig. 3, suggest why government officials were concerned about the number of water pollution incidents in 2013. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

5 b) Using an example, describe how governments have reduced water pollution incidents in their countries. [3] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ c) Explain how river floods occur. [3] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

6 3. Fig. 4 shows the root of a tree in a tropical rainforest. Fig. 4 a i) Identify the type of root shown in Fig. 4. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ii) With reference to Fig. 4, explain why such roots are necessary for trees found in a tropical rainforest. [2] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ b) Describe one way in which the leaves of plants in the tropical rainforest have adapted to their natural environment. [2] _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

7 c) Sketch the structure of a tropical rainforest in the box below. Include a title and label the layers. [4] 4a) Fig. 5 shows the mangrove extent by country in 2020. Mangrove extent by country in 2020 Fig. 5 With reference to Fig. 5, describe the difference between the mangrove extent in Brazil and Thailand. [1] _______________________________________________________________________________

8 _______________________________________________________________________________ b) Describe the distribution of mangroves. [2] _______________________________________________________________________________ __