West Spring 2E Geography EOY 2022

West Spring Secondary School END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2022 MARK SCHEME GEOGRAPHY SECONDARY 2 Express Name ( ) Date 10 Oct 2022 Class Duration 1 hr 15 mins Additional Materials: Writing papers READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number, class and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or rough working Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer ALL parts of the given question. Candidates are encouraged to support their answers with the relevant use of examples. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. FOR EXAMINER’S USE Section A / 12 Section B / 12 Section C / 12 Total / 36 This document consists of 9 printed pages including the cover page. Setter Mdm Ruhaiza H & Mr Timothy Teh [Turn over]

2 Section A (12 marks) 1 Study Photographs A and B which show slum settlements in Indonesia. Photograph A Photograph B

3 AO 1+ 2 AO 1+ 3 (a) Using Photograph A, state why this informal housing can be found in such a location. 1 A railway track is a locally unwanted land-use. This type of place is usually neglected and lacking infrastructure development. Hence, often the only spaces left available. [1 explanation @ 1 mark] (b) Using Photographs A and B, explain the dangers of living in such a slum. 3 The homes of these slums are usually built very close together, so if a fire breaks out it will spread very quickly and cause a lot of fatalities and injuries. The shelters are built with low quality material and scraps of materials such as discarded wood, zinc and cardboard. In the event of harsh weather such as storm and flooding, these shelters can collapse and cause injuries and fatalities to their inhabitants. This slum is built along a railway track, so there is a danger of accidents involving the train such as a derailed train; causing fatalities to the slum dwellers. Consumption of water from the river for cooking and drinking can cause dysentery or any other illness that can be life-threatening. [Any 3 points @ 1mark. Accept any plausible explanation]

4 2 Study Fig. 1 which shows the percentage of households in South Africa with access to selected basic services from 2002 to 2018. Percentage of households in South Africa with access to selected basic services. Fig. 1 Compare the trend in the percentage of households with access to improved sanitation and the percentage of households with access to drinking water from 2002 to 2018. 2 Both show an upward/increasing trend with both showing an increase of at least 4% increase in households from 2002, having access to the basic service. However, there is a larger increase in the percentage of households having access to improved sanitation as compared to a much smaller increase in the percentage of households having access to drinking water. The percentage increase of households having access to improved sanitation is 21% compared to a 4% increase for households having access to drinking water. [2 points @ 1 mark each, with evidence from the graph] 3 Describe and explain how rural areas in the country could contribute to the country’s economy. 3 Rural areas provide the space for farming activities. [1] The cash crops such as green leafy vegetables and tropical flowers such as orchids grown can be exported overseas [1] , earning income for Singapore. [1] [3 points @ 1 mark each. Reserve at least 1 mark for 1 example.]

5 4 Compare and contrast the features of formal housing and informal housing. 3 Formal housing is part of urban planning processes and is built by government or private developers such as the Housing Development Board (HDB) while informal housing are self-built and can be set up at any available and unused space like in the outskirts of cities.[1] Formal housing are built by those with the legal right to occupy the land in which the properties may be lived in, sold or leased to others while informal housing is built out of necessity by people who are desperate for shelter. In most times, these residents are illegal occupants of the land. [1] Access to basic services such as access to proper sanitation for occupants of formal housing is made readily available for the residents of formal housing while residents of informal housing lack access to basic services. Many of them resorted to illegally tapping electricity from nearby electrical grids. [1] [3 comparisons @ 1 mark each] Section B (12 marks) 5 Study Photograph C which shows a town in Penang, Malaysia. Photograph C Using photograph C, explain one negative impact of housing developments on the environment. [2] ➔ As seen in Photograph C, land is being cleared and forests are being cut down, leaving behind cleared plots of land. ➔ This is because land space is needed to build houses and infrastructure. Forested area

6 OR ➔ Human populations will increase the demand for natural resources like wood and timber (2 points @1m each) 6 Study Fig. 3 below which shows an upcoming housing development in Singapore named “Tampines Grove”. Fig. 2 (a) Using Fig. 2, identify an amenity and suggest how this might encourage residents to choose to live in Tampines Grove. [2] ➔ Amenities include the polyclinic and Tampines mall ➔ The amenities are located near to Tampines grove and thus make it convenient for residents to access medical services or to buy groceries. (2 points @1m each) (b) Explain how the Community Centre might benefit residents of Tampines Grove. [2] ➔ Presence of communities: Residents can go to the CC to take part in events and gatherings such as exercising or doing sports together. ➔ Therefore, by forming bonds and friendships with people in the neighbourhood, they build a sense of belonging and inclusivity in the housing development helping to meet their SOCIAL NEEDS. (2 points @1m each) 7 (a) Describe a factor that can affect the location of housing in Singapore. 1 Tampines North Community Centre Tampines Grove Polyclinic Tampines Mall Chinese Temple Home for the Aged

7 Land-use planning : Includes guidelines drawn up by planning authorities which practices zoning as a planning control tool for ensuring that the built environment is well developed. Developers : location of housing is affected by whether it is developed by private or public developers. E.g private developers will pick sites that are most commercially viable. Land prices : The government plays a very important role in regulating land prices to ensure that informal housing does not start to develop and the prices of houses are not too high such that people cannot afford them. Housing financial support : Financial support schemes are important to enable developers to sell houses at affordable prices and to ensure that formal housing is affordable for people. [Any 1 description @ 1 mark] 7 (b) ‘Integrated land-use planning is the most workable strategy in sustainably managing housing in Singapore’. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your answer using examples. 5 Level 1 (1 mark) Providing a stand. Agrees or disagrees with the statement, without explanation. e.g I agree that an integrated land-use planning is the most workable strategy in sustainably managing housing in Singapore. Level 2 (2 – 3 marks) Agrees or disagrees with the statement and provided clear explanation of the stand. But argument is onl