Chapter 2 Kinetic Particle Theory Notes

Chapter 2: Kinetic Particle Theory What is Matter? ● Matter takes up space and has mass. ● It can exist in 3 different physical states: solid, liquid and gas ● Kinetic Particle Theory states that: - Matter is made up of tiny particles. These tiny particles can be atoms, ions or molecules. - The particles have kinetic energy and hence are in constant and random motion.. Particulate model of matter ● Used to explain the properties and characteristics of matter in different physical states. Using the particulate model of matter to explain common properties and characteristics of matter 1 Physical State Properties Explanation Solids Fixed volume and shape ● The particles are arranged in a fixed position and a regular pattern Not compressible ● Particles are closely packed together so there are little spaces to squeeze Not able to flow ● Can only vibrate in their fixed position.

Samuel's work (NO COPYING) Combined Chemistry KPT NOTES Page 2 Physical State Properties Explanation Liquid Fixed volume but not fixed shape ● Moderately strong attractive force prevents them from escaping from their positions. ● However, the particles can move about and slide past each other freely. Able to flow easily ● The particles are able to move about and slide past each other. Not compressible ● The particles are arranged quite closely together so there are less spaces between them Take up shape of container ● Particles are able to move about within confined places Gas No fixed volume and shape ● The particles can move freely and randomly in all available spaces. ● The negligible attractive force is not able to hold them in confined spaces. Compressible ● The particles are far apart from each other, so they are more spaces between them Flow easily ● Particles move freely at high speeds Take shape and volume of container ● The particles are able to move freely in all directions to occupy every corner of the container

Samuel's work (NO COPYING) Combined Chemistry KPT NOTES Heating/Cooling Curve A. Heating Curve Melting State: Solid + Liquid Boiling State: Liquid + Gas B. Cooling Curve Condensation State: Liquid + Gas Freezing State: Solid + Liquid Page 3