Greenridge Sec S1 History 2023 EOY

[Turn over This paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page, including this cover page. GREENRIDGE SECONDARY SCHOOL 2023 END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION SECONDARY 1 EXPRESS CANDIDATE NAME CLASS - INDEX NUMBER HISTORY 06 October 2023 Setter: Ms. Christina Joseph 1 hours 10 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Nil READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, index number and class on this cover and all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total of the marks for this paper is 35. For Examiner’s Use Total 35

2 Section A – 15 marks Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates. Study the sources carefully and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you were told to use. In answering the questions, you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources. Write your answers in the blanks provided. Was Singapore really an impregnable fortress? BACKGROUND INFORMATION Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions. There were newspaper articles that referred to Singapore as being virtually impossible to conquer because our colonial masters were the British. The British were the largest empire and were known for their naval power. The British had constructed a naval base in Sembawang and huge guns were placed in strategic locations along Singapore’s coastlines to prevent possible naval attacks. This made people believe that Singapore had good defence and was a safe country. Despite this, Singapore was conquered in just 8 days. This led people to question if Singapore was indeed an impregnable fortress. Acknowledgements: Source A https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/fall-of-singapore.html Source B https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse & https://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/prince_of_wales/sinking_of_pow.htm Source C https://kokodahistorical.com.au/history/fall-of-singapore Source D https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryofBritain/The-Fall-of-Singapore/

3 [Turn over Source A: Adapted from an online article on war history titled, “Military Blunders – 90000 troops lost in the fall of Singapore.” The island had two major attack areas of concern. The first was the sea, but the British naval base there was more than capable of defending attacks from that direction. The second was miles and miles of jungle terrain which were assumed to be too difficult even to be considered by the Japanese. The British considered the Japanese army to be weak, often referring to them as “Little Japs.” However, although the Japanese believed the myth of the British fortress of Singapore being impregnable, they were nevertheless determined to take it in their quest to conquer Southeast Asia and the East Indies. 1 (a) Study Source A What can you infer about the British forces in Singapore? Explain your answer. [4m]

4 Source B: An artist conception of HMS Prince of Wales under attack on December 10, 1941 , by Japanese bombers. 1 (b) Study Source B What can you infer about the Japanese forces from this source? Explain your answer. [5m]

5 [Turn over Source C: Adapted from a local article published in a historical website titled “Fall of Singapore”. General Percival had 90,000 men there - British, Indian and Australian troops. The Japanese advanced with 65,000 men led by General Yamashita. Many of the Japanese troops had fought in the war in China before this and were battle -hardened. Many of Percival's 90,000 men had never seen combat. At the Battle of Jitra* in Malaya (December 11th and 12th 1941), Percival's men were soundly beaten and were in full retreat. Captured wounded Allied soldiers were killed where they lay. Those who were not injured but had surrendered were also murdered. * Battle of Jitra was fought between the invading Japanese and Allied forces in Malaya during World War Two. Source D: Adapted from a foreign online article titled “The Fall of Singapore” The Japanese forces did not take prisoners, which allowed a speed of attack for which the British were not prepared. Without having to stop, put away and round up enemy troops, the attacking Japanese forces could move quickly over the ground. The fighting began in the north in Malaya. Here Percival’s troops were soon humiliated at the Battle of Jitra between the 11th and 12th December 1941. On January 31st, 1942, overestimating the size of the enemy forces, the British retreated to Singapore, falling back over the causeway that separated it from the mainland which proved to be a fatal mistake. 1 (c) Study Sources C and D How are these sources similar? Explain your answer. [6m]

6 Section B: Structured Questions – 20 marks Answer all questions. Question 2. This question is about how Singapore became a British trading port. (a) List three reasons why the British wanted a trading post in Singapore. [3m] i) ii) iii) (b) Describe the contributions of Sir William Farquhar between 1819 and 1826. [7m]

7 [Turn over Question 3. This question is about British rule of Singapore and how it affected her growth. (a) List three law and order problems the British faced in Singapore. [3m] i) ii) iii) (b) Describe the reasons for high death rate in Singapore from 1876 to 1900. [7m] END OF PAPER

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9 [Turn over GREENRIDGE SECONDARY SCHOOL 2023 END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION SECONDARY 1 EXPRESS CANDIDATE NAME CLASS - INDEX NUMBER HISTORY LEVELS OF RESPONSE MARKING

10 Section A – 15 marks Source A: Adapted from an online article on war history titled, “Military Blunders – 90000 troops lost in the fall of Singapore.” The island had two major attack areas of concern. The first was the sea, but the British naval base there was more than capable of defending attacks from that direction. The second was miles and miles of jungle terrain which were assumed to be too difficult even to be considered by the Japanese. The British considered the Japanese army to be weak, often referring to them as “Little Japs.” However, although the Japanese believed the myth of the British fortress of Singapore being impregnable, they were nevertheless determined to take it in their quest to conquer Southeast Asia and the East Indies. 1 (a) Study Source A What can you infer about the British forces in Singapore? Explain your answer. [4m] L1 Description of source/ lacks clear inference E.g.: I can infer that the British had major attacks of concern. OR I can tell that the Japanese were too weak to attack. 1m L2 Inference without support (2m for one inference/ 3m for two or more inferences.) E.g.: • I can infer that the British were overconfident of themselves. • I can infer that they underestimated the Japanese. • I can infer that the British may not have been well- prepared. 2-3m L3 Inference, supported with evidence. (3m for one inference supported with only evidence/ 4m for one inference supported with evidence and explanation) E.g.: • I can infer that the British were overconfident of themselves. o “British naval base there was more than capable of defending attacks from that direction” This shows that the B