2024 ASRJC Prelim Paper 1 Ans Key

2024 JC2 H2 Geo Prelim PAPER 1 – ANSWER GUIDE Page 1 of 16 Section A Cluster 1: Development, Economy and Environment 1 Resource 1 depicts world electricity generation from 2000 to 2020. Resource 2 shows the distribution of water from the Nile River Basin and rate of dependence on the water flow of the Nile River Basin by country. Resource 3 is a map of the Nile River Basin and its riparian states. Of the 11 riparian states of the Nile River Basin, Egypt and Sudan are considered as downstream riparian states. Resource 4 depicts the average an nual rainfall in the Nile River Basin. Resource 5 is an article about the usage of the Nile River water by Ethiopia and Egypt. (a) With reference to Resource 1, describe the trends in world electricity generation from 2000 to 2020. [5] Possible pointers: • In general, world electricity generation increased from 2000 to 2020 [1 mark], from 15 million gigawatt hours to 27.5 million gigawatt hours [1 additional mark]. • World electricity generation from clean fuels increased at a faster rate as compared to fossil fuels. [1 mark] Over the span of 20 years, world electricity generation from clean fuels doubled, from 5 million to 10.5 million gigawatt hours. However, in the same time period, world electricity generation only increased by a third from 10 million 10 million to 16.5 million gigawatt hours [1 additional mark]. • World electricity generation from all energy sources saw an increase save for nuclear energy and oil and other fossil fuels. [1 mark] • Unlike all other sources, wind and solar fuel sources did not contribute to world electricity generation in 2000, but contributed to 4 million gigawatt hours of electricity generation by 2020. [1 mark]

2024 JC2 H2 Geo Prelim PAPER 1 – ANSWER GUIDE Page 2 of 16 ASRJC 2024 JC2 H2 Geography Prelim PAPER 1 (b) Explain the trade-offs associated with the use of hydropower. [6] Possible pointers: Economic Desirable outcome Trade-off Hydropower reduces reliance on imported fuels that carry the risks of price volatility, supply uncertainty and foreign currency requirements. Hydropower also helps to meet electricity demands for industrial and economic purposes. Adverse effects on agriculture in areas near the dam & its reservoir: Local heightening of water tables following reservoir impoundment can contribute to water -logging and salinization, which negatively affects crops. Adverse impact on fisheries downstream: Dams can adversely affect marine and fish populations, disrupting fisheries. • E.g. Sediment and nutrients trapped behind dams leads to reduced nutrient load downstream, etc. Adverse impact on aquaculture and agriculture downstream: The reduced flow of water downstream encourages saline intrusion into coastal regions. This can have a devastating impact on aquaculture and agriculture. Environmental Desirable outcome Trade-off Hydropowe