Sec 1 Science Cells Sample

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www.ApexEducators.com 1 Name : _________________________ Date: _________________________ Lower Secondary Sciences: Cells 1. Cells • Cells are the basic building blocks of life. - They take in nutrients from food and convert them into energy. - They can also carry out specialised functions and reproduce. • Living organisms can be classified into unicellular (with only one cell) and multicellular (with many cells). Unicellular Multicellular Amoeba, Protozoa, Algae and Yeast Animals, Fungi and Plants • The size of animal cells and plant cells is very small, in the range of 1 to 100 micrometres (!m). They can only be visible with the help of a microscope. A) Understanding Animal Cells and Plant Cells • All animal cells do not have a cell wall. • The basic structure of a typical animal cell and a plant cell:

www.ApexEducators.com 2 • The table below shows the function for each organelle: Organelle Function Cell membrane • A semi-permeable structure which controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell Nucleus • Controls all the activities of a cell • Contains chromosomes which store heredity materials which pass from parents to offspring • Chromosomes contain many genes. which are made up of DNA. Vacuole • Contains a membrane-enclosed fluid which stores food, water and nutrients needed by the cell. Cytoplasm • Made up of jelly-like material which allows various chemical reactions to take place. Cell Wall* • Made up of cellulose which provides support and maintains regular shape of the cell Chloroplast* • Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis *only present in plant cells • In animal cells and plant cells, protoplasm (cytoplasm and nucleus) refers to the ‘living part of the cell’ that is surrounded by the cell membrane. B) Differences between an animal cell and a plant cell Organelle/Characteristics Animal cell Plant cell Cell wall Absent Present Vacuole Small but many Big but one (central vacuole) Chloroplast Absent Present Shape Irregular Regular

www.ApexEducators.com 3 2. Differentiation of Cells • In mu