ASRJC 2024 H2 Chem Solubility Equilibria Notes

2024 JC1 H2 Solubility Equilibria 2024/ASRJC/Chemistry 1 Anderson Serangoon Junior College 2024 JC1 H2 Chemistry Solubility Equilibria Content Resources 1 Introduction 2 Salts and saturated solutions 2.1 Types of salts 2.2 Difference between a soluble salts and a sparingly soluble salt 2.3 Saturated solution 3 Solubility and solubility product (Ksp) 3.1 Solubility of solute (in water) 3.2 Solubility product (Ksp) 3.3 Relationship between solubility and solubility product 3.4 Calculations 3.5 Calculations (continued) 4 Effect on solubility of ionic salts when equilibrium is disturbed 4.1 Common ion effect Lecture 1 • Lecture notes: Pg 1 to 10 • SLS quiz: Qn 1 and 2 4.2 Effect on solubility of ionic salts by chemical reactions 5 Ionic Product and Precipitation 5.1 Ionic product 5.2 When and why does precipitation occurs? 5.3 Calculations 6 Further Applications of Ksp on solubility of silver halides Lecture 2 • Lecture notes: Pg 11 to 18 • SLS quiz: Qn 3 and 4 Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: (a) show understanding of, and apply, the concept of solubility product, Ksp (b) calculate Ksp from concentrations and vice versa (c) discuss the effects on the solubility of ionic salts by the following: (i) common ion effect (ii) formation of complex ion as exemplified by the reaction of halide ions with aqueous silver ions followed by aqueous ammonia (See also – An Introduction to the Chemistry of Transition Elements) References 1. Chemistry for Advanced Level, Cann and Hughes, Murray 2. Chemistry, The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (Fourth Edition), Silberberg, McGraw Hill 3. Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity (Sixth Edition), Kotz, Treichel and Weaver, Thomson 4. Chemistry The Central Science (Ninth Edition), Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Prentice Hall 5. Chemistry (Sixth Edition), Zumdahl and Zumdahl, Houghton Mifflin 6. Understanding Advanced Physical Inorganic Chemistry, The Learner’s Approach, Jeanne Tan, Kim Seng Chan, WS Education

2024 JC1 H2 Solubility Equilibria 2024/ASRJC/Chemistry 2 1. INTRODUCTION Solubility is a very important phenomenon that impacts our daily life, environment and health. Water with high content of calcium or magnesium ions (known as hard water) are present in some regions of the world. Mineral deposits can be found on cooking dishes or in bathtubs. Sometimes, you may also have felt like there was a film of residue left on your hands after washing your hands with soap. Mineral deposits are formed due to the formation of insoluble precipitates by calcium or magnesium ions in the hard water. These deposits can make hard water unsuitable for many uses. They can reduce the lifespan of equipment, raise the costs of heating the water, lower the efficiency of electric water heaters, or clog pipes. A variety of methods can be used to minimise the hardness of water. For example, mineral deposits in pots can sometimes be removed by runn