ASRJC 2025 H2 Chem Nitrogen Compounds Notes

2025 JC2 H2 Nitrogen Compounds ©2025/ASRJC/CHEM 1 ANDERSON SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 H2 CHEMISTRY NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Content Resources 1 Amines 1.1 Structure & Classification 1.2 Nomenclature 1.3 Physical Properties of amines 1.4 Basic Properties of amines 1.5 Preparation of amines 1.6 Reactions of amines Lecture 1 • Mode: F2F • Lecture note: Pg 2 to 11 • SLS quiz: Q1 – 2 2 Amides 2.1 General formula & Structure 2.2 Nomenclature 2.3 Physical Properties of amides 2.4 Preparation of amides 2.5 Reactions of amides Lecture 2 • Mode: F2F • Lecture note: Pg 12 to 18 • SLS quiz: Q3 – 6 3 Amino Acids (continued) 3.1 Introduction to amino acid 3.2 General Properties of amino acids 4 Polypeptides and Proteins 4.1 Polypeptides 4.2 Hydrolysis of polypeptides/proteins Lecture 3 • Mode: F2F • Lecture note: Pg 18 to 30 • SLS quiz: Q7 – 10 LEARNING OUTCOMES Candidates should be able to: (a) describe the formation of amines as exemplified by ethylamine (through amide and nitrile reduction; see also Section 11.4) and by phenylamine (through the reduction of nitrobenzene) (b) describe the reaction of amines in the formation of salts (c) describe and explain the basicity of primary, secondary and tertiary amines in the gaseous phase (interpret as Lewis bases) (d) explain the relative basicities of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine in aqueous medium, in terms of their structures (e) describe the reaction of phenylamine with aqueous bromine (f) describe the formation of amides from the condensation reaction between RNH2 and R'COCl (g) explain why an amide is neutral in terms of delocalisation of the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen (h) describe the chemistry of amides, exemplified by the following reactions: • hydrolysis on treatment with aqueous alkali or acid • reduction to amines with lithium aluminium hydride (i) describe the acid/base properties of amino acids and the formation of zwitterions (j) describe the formation of peptide (amide) bonds between α-amino acids, and hence explain protein formation (k) describe the hydrolysis of proteins REFERENCES 1. Organic Chemistry; K. Peter C. Vollhardt 2. Organic Chemistry; Francis A. Carey 3. Organic Chemistry; Morrison and Boyd 4. Organic Chemistry; John McMurry 5. Chemistry In Action; Michael Freemantle 6. Chemistry; J.G.R. Briggs 7. Biology for Advanced Level; Glenn and Susan Toole 8. Principles of Biochemistry; David L. Nelson 9. H2 Chemistry Teaching and Learning Guide

2025 JC2 H2 Nitrogen Compounds ©2025/ASRJC/CHEM 2 1 AMINES 1.1 STRUCTURE & CLASSIFICATION ◼ Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms is/are replaced by the corresponding number of alkyl or aryl group(s). ◼ Can be classified according to their degree of substitution on the nitrogen atom (i.e. the number of R group substituents on the nitrogen atom) i.e. primary (1) – one group substituted on N a