AMKSS Chpt 3 (sec 1 hist)

A NG M O K IO S ECONDARY S CHOOL S ECONDARY 1 E XPRESS H ISTORY C HAPTER 3 – S INGAPORE ’ S D EVELOPMENT AS A P ORT C ITY (P ART 1) Name: _____________________________ ( ) Class: _______ Date: __________ By the end of these chapters, you should know: □ How British rule helped Singapore develop into a port city □ How external developments impacted Singapore’s growth as a port city (Express*) □ Why did migrants come to Singapore from 1819 to 1942 □ How migrants contributed to Singapore’s development into a port city How did British rule help Singapore to develop into a port city? F ACTOR [S TATE ] W HAT IS THE FACTOR ABOUT ? [D ESCRIBE /E XAMPLES ] The British helped Singapore to develop into a port city by granting Free Port Status to Singapore. • In the 18 th century, there was little trade in Singapore as traders traded at Riau and other regional ports instead. • In 1819 , the British established a port in Singapore and granted Singapore a Free Port Status. This meant that Singapore was a free port where traders could trade freely, without having to pay additional taxes. • The Free Port Status attracted many traders and a large amount of entrepôt trade . o Entrepôt trade: Traders bring their goods in bulk to Singapore, repackage them into smaller quantities, before exporting them to other parts of the world. For example, tea from China. The British helped Singapore to develop into a port city by making Administrative Changes . • Singapore lacked money to manage the expanding population and turned to vices such as opium to collect revenue. o Before 1867, Singapore was not governed directly by the British, but as part of the Straits Settlements under British India. • In 1867 , the British made Singapore a Crown Colony and brought it under the control of the Colonial Office in London . o The British government directly managed Singapore and stepped in to solve many of the societal issues in Singapore. The British helped Singapore to develop into a port city by expanding Singapore’s port facilities . • The British improved Singapore’s trading facilities to encourage traders to continue to come to trade in Singapore : o In 1852, British built the New Harbour (Keppel Harbour) in between Pulau Brani and Pulau Blakang Mati (Sentosa). It had a deep harbour and was sheltered from strong winds and big waves. o In the 19 th and early-20 th century, the British continued to build new wharves, docks and storehouses . o The British also modernised Singapore’s port by introducing new machines such as forklifts, cranes and

tractors to load and unload goods more easily. Page | 1 F ACTOR [S TATE ] W HAT IS THE FACTOR ABOUT ? [D ESCRIBE /E XAMPLES ] The British helped Singapore to develop into a port city by building up the Police Force to improve Law & Order . • Singapore had a small and weak police force that was unable to cope with growing population and increase in crimes and vices . Traders wrote in for stronger police force to keep Singapore safe. o British appointed Thomas Dunman as Deputy Superintendent of Police and Deputy Magistrate in 1843, and Commissioner of Police in 1857 ▪ Dunman helped to build up the police force by fighting for better working conditions and higher wages for the police , which attracted more good men to join the force o British continued with reforms to ensure police force was better organised and more skilled ▪ Police Training School was started in 1881 • Detective Force was started in 1884

The British helped Singapore to develop into a port city by tackling crimes and vices among the Chinese to improve Law & Order . • Many Chinese migrants joined secret societies for protection and support, and participated in gang-related crimes and vices such as robberies, gang fights, prostitution, and gambling o Why did the Chinese migrants seek support? ▪ Chinese migrants had no support in Singapore as they came on their own without their families ▪ Many died on their voyage to Singapore as ships were often overcrowded and lacked water and food ▪ Some were kidnapped/tricked into coolie trade by Coolie Agents and were treated badly in Singapore ▪ Females were tricked into prostitution/sold to brothels • In May 1877, the Chinese Protectorate led by William Pickering was set up. o Pickering persuaded Chinese to settle any disagreements through the Chinese Protectorate instead of through secret societies ▪ Pickering used his knowledge of the Chinese dialects to earn the trust of the Chinese community ▪ 1890 Dangerous Societies Ordinance allowed Governor to banish any societies deemed too dangerous (i.e. sent away and not allowed to come to Singapore again) o Pickering set up the Po Leung Kuk (Office to Protect Virtue) to protect women ▪ Provided shelter for poorly treated servants ▪ Prevented women from being sold to brothels o Pickering ensured better and fair treatment for coolies ▪ Coolie-agents must register with Chinese Protectorate ▪ Coolie ships and coolie houses were inspected by officers ⇨ Relationship between the British and Chinese community improved ⇨ Crimes among the Chinese community decreased , but some fights and abuse still happened especially if migrants did not seek help from Chinese Protectorate Page | 2 Developments in | Education | in Singapore between 1819 and 1942 … British Contributions …

• Before 1867, education was left in the hands of those who were concerned, and the British paid little attention. o The British did not set up many government schools ▪ British provided free primary schooling in Malay language ▪ British established a few Tamil-language schools ▪ Little attention was given to English-language education ▪ No schools catered to the Chinese population o Most schools were set up by Christian missionary groups and European traders ▪ Schools decided on their own how they taught and what they would teach. • Since 1867, British government provided education to meet the needs of the colonial administration o Grants were given to schools to promote English so that people could contribute as English-speaking clerks in the government and companies o Education that did not support trade and government administration was left on its own ▪ There was a lack of quality education that catered to the needs of the population Developments in | Healthcare | in Singapore between 1819 and 1942 … British Contributions … • Before 1867, there was a high death rate in Singapore. o No medical services was provide