NJC Temperature and Ideal Gas notes

National Junior College Science Department | Physics 1 12. Temperature & Ideal Gases Content Page 12.1 Temperature Scales ................................ ................................ ................................ ............3 12.1.1 Absolute scale of temperature ................................ ................................ .................3 Exercise 1: Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Scale ................................ ........................4 12.2 Equation of State ................................ ................................ ................................ .............5 12.2.1 Concept of the Mole ................................ ................................ ................................ .5 12.2.2 Equation of State ................................ ................................ ................................ .....6 Exercise 2: Equation of State ................................ ................................ ................................ ..8 12.3 Kinetic theory of gases ................................ ................................ ................................ ........9 12.3.1 Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases ................................ ................................ ....9 Exercise 3: Kinetic Theory of Gases ................................ ................................ ......................16 12.4 Kinetic Energy of a Molecule ................................ ................................ .........................17 Exercise 4: Kinetic Energy of a Molecule ................................ ................................ ...............18

National Junior College Science Department | Physics 2 Learning Objectives 12.1 Temperature Scales (a) Show an understanding that a thermodynamic scale of temperature has an absolute zero and is independent of the property of any particular substance. (b) Convert temperatures measured in degrees Celsius to kelvin: ܶ/ܭ= ߠ/°ܥ+ 273.15. 12.2 Equation of State (c) Recall and use the equation of state for an ideal gas expressed as ܸ݌= ܶ݇ܰwhere ܰ is the number of particles. (d) State that one mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 10ଶଷ particles, and use the Avogadro constant ܰ஺ = 6.02 × 10ଶଷ mol−1 as well as the relationship ݇ܰ= ܴ݊ between the Boltzmann constant and the molar gas constant (݊ is the amount of substance in moles). 12.3 Kinetic theory of gases (e) State the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases. (f) Explain how the random motion of gas particles exerts mechanical pressure and hence derive, using the definition of pressure as force per unit area, the relationship , ܸ݌= ଵ ଷ݉ܰ⟨ܿଶ⟩ (a simple model considering one -dimensional collisions and then extending to three dimensions using ⟨ܿ௫ଶ⟩ = ଵ ଷ ⟨ܿଶ⟩ is sufficient). 12.4 Kinetic energy of a molecule (g) Recall and use the relationship that the mean translational kinetic energy of a particle of an ideal g