PLMGS S4Exp 5NA Sc Bio Prelim P4 2025 QP

1 [Turn over] x CANDIDATE NAME CLASS CLASS INDEX NUMBER TG CENTRE NUMBER INDEX NUMBER SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 5088/4 Paper 4 Biology 22 August 2025 No additional materials are required. 1 hour 15 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class and class index number on the front cover. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. The use of an approved calculator is expected, where appropriate. Section A (55 marks) Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B (10 marks) There are two questions in this section. Answer only one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. At the end of the test, fasten all your work securely together, if applicable. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 22 printed pages. For Examiner’s Use Section A 55 Section B 10 9 10 Total 65 Paya Lebar Methodist Girls’ School (Secondary) Preliminary Examination 2025 Secondary 4 Express / G3

2 [Turn over] Section A (55 marks) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the cell membrane of an animal and a plant cell. animal cell plant cell Fig. 1.1 (a) On Fig. 1.1, draw and label (i) one other structural feature that is found in both cells, (ii) two features found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell. [2]

3 [Turn over] Table 1.1 shows the average amount of protein, fat and carbohydrate found in some plant and animal tissues. Table 1.1 tissues percentage of protein percentage of fat percentage of carbohydrate plant 5 1 30 animal 20 15 1 (b) (i) Explain why there is a high percentage of carbohydrate in the plant tissues. ………………………………………………………………………………………..…... ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1] (ii) Name an animal tissue that would have more than the 1% of carbohydrate shown in Table 1.1. Explain your answer. tissue ………………………………………………….………………………………… explanation ……………………..…………………….………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………..…... ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2] (iii) Describe the functions of proteins and fats found in plant and animal tissues. proteins ………………………………………….……………….………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………..…... fats……………………………………………….……………….……………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2] [Total: 7 marks]

4 [Turn over] 2 (a) Define the term osmosis. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………………………………..…... [2] (b) Explain how water molecules move from the large intestine into the blood. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….………………………… [3]

5 [Turn over] (c) A student investigated the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of diffusion of a substance into a cube. Table 2.1 shows the results of the investigation. (i) Complete Table 2.1. One of the rows has been done for you. Table 2.1 length of side of cube / mm time taken for substance to diffuse to centre of cube / s surface area of cube / mm2 (total of 6 sides) volume of cube / mm3 surface to volume ratio 1 20 6 1 6 : 1 2 41 3 76 [2] (ii) Suggest how surface area to volume ratio affects the rate of diffusion. ………………………………………………………………………………………..…... ………………………………………………………………….………………………… ………………………………………………………………….…………………. [1] (d) Describe and e xplain two ways the lungs of a mammal are adapted to increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood. 1 ……………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. 2 ……………………………………………………………….……………………………..…. ………………………………………………………………….………………………… [2] [Total: 10 marks]

6 [Turn over] 3 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition in humans that results from inheriting a recessive allele of a gene. (a) State where genes are found in a cell. ………………………………………………………………….………………………… [1] (b) (i) Use a fully labelled genetic diagram to show how cystic fibrosis is inherited by the children of two heterozygous parents. Use the letter D to represent the dominant allele and d to represent the recessive allele. genotype of parents ……..… ……..… gametes ……..… ……..… ……..… ……..… genotype of offspring ……..… ……..… ……..… ……..… phenotype of offspring ……..… ……..… ……..… ……..… [3] (ii) State the expected ratio of phenotypes in the children. …………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

7 [Turn over] (c) Fig. 3.1 shows some of the main regions of the alimentary canal in a person. Fig. 3.1 (i) State the name of region C. ……………………………………………………………….…………………….. [1] (ii) One effect of cystic fibrosis is that the bile and pancreatic ducts become blocked with mucus. Suggest why a person whose bile and pancreatic ducts are blocked may find it difficult to gain weight despite eating a high-fat diet. ….………………………………………………………………….……………………… ….………………………………………………………………….……………………… ….………………………………………………………………….……………………… ….………………………………………………………………….……………………… ….………………………………………………………………….……………………… ……………………………………………………………….…………………….. [3] [Total: 9 marks] pancreas C bile and pancreatic ducts gall bladder

8 [Turn over] 4 (a) (i) State the type of pathogen that can be treated with antibiotics. ………………………………….………………………………………………… [1] (ii) State the name of the pathogen that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). ………………………………….………………………………………………… [1] Many pathogens have developed resistance to some antibiotics. A study took samples of pathogens and tested them for resistance to various types of antibiotics. Fig. 4.1 shows the percentage of pathogens sampled that were resistant to various antibiotics. The samples were taken between 2000 and 2013. Fig. 4.1 Key: antibiotic A antibiotic B antibiotic C year percentage of pathogens sampled that show resistance

9 [Turn over] (b) Use data from Fig. 4.1 to describe the trend of resistance for the three antibiotics from 2000 to 2013. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….……………………... [3] (c) State one way by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. ….………………………………………………………………….……………………... [1