Chapter 7 and 8 summary

*nochangeinmassus#otparticlesremainthesame!↑ States SOLID Liquidhas CONTRACTIONHeating: LEXPANSIONcoolingrandomand random, 4Speamovement &particlesloseenergyandvibratelessvibratemorevibratein *particlesgalenergyandslidepastone alldirectionAxedPositionanother vigorouslyabouttheirfixedposition3. vgovouslyabouttheirfixedposition ②closelypackedfarapartinaverycloselyArrangement &Distancebetweenparticlesdecreasesdistancebetweenparticlesincreasesclefthansalidypacked disorderlymanuel Bvolumeofsubstanceincrease ③volumeofsubstancedecease/moderatiForcesofAttractionVerystrong *substanceXpands #substancecontracts(vevy)weakStrong 000088 0000Representation 600800000 g000000 diffusion*Brownianmotion particlesmorefromaregionofhigher&randommovementofmisroscopicdefinitewinmenofixvolumevolumedensitydefinitewinmehighdensity Concentrationtoregionoflowerconslowdensity a)highestdensity particlessuspendedinaliguialy-explaination nofixshapefixedshape e.9. inkinwater,teabaginwaterExprovethatmatterismadeupofnofixshape Heliuminballoontooutsidesmall,disciteparticleswhicharein sonstantarandommotion- EltingBoilingparticlesgalenoughsnelgytoovercometheforcesofattraction,andshangesstate. -R freezingcondensationparticleslose)thoughenergytobepulledcloserbytheforcesofattraction,andchangesState structureofatom. *mostemptyspaceAtomsandMolecules· Thomson(num)RedbloodsellN7000um PlanetarymodelDron relativerelativeposition- ↓N70,000larger. atom~ 0.Mum 8- ecerelychargedImadeupofoneormoreelements chargemassF moreathighspeed +proton ecluc+-nanoparticlesirona· carbon arounduncleus[Inm-Mm 8onearom neutronearecomponents cleus ~To _aroundConetypeofatocStel(typesofatoms) & neutron,particleoneelementScatteredrandomly Yflearon neussus1840#⑦ Withnocharge,InSpherica+ivechangeIDtoosmalltoseemtunakedgye 1-atomicnumber (D)Manometty~10-a nucleusproton,positivelyNa*Chemicalsymbol sub-atomicparticles. shargeparticleInthe*23 madeofprotonnucleon7 neutron. Identifyinganelement * 9 N·Eachelementintheperiodictablehasanniqueproton# *carbonnitrogen -& Ty p eOfaIOMs Charge#ofneutrons[Dtheywavethesamenumberofelectron. 1412 #protonelection - Solidat+↑gasatUtY * 8.IOV2hydrogenInPelidistable,arrangein49#. * SphysicalPropertiesy &1012·physicalandshemicalpropertiesareaffectedbyotProtons. * D 3Uglium i &30r4(elementi lithiumcomponnal(compoundcelement) typesofelementsHydrogenatom ↑presentammoniamoleunleHalogenmoleculewatermolecule *Hot proton:Hotelection->atomisneutral ˧ Nac[03⑧˧ ˧wi S#ofNeutiousandprotonsmaynotbeequalinsomeactu#˧ VI/#chemicalformula #ofelementspresent EH28 1STOPeS:Sameelement,sameotputons;diffatneutronsH3H *its N=I -protons;selections;Glention3#Itatoms Carbon-121 2 S-13 Epitons;selectionsitneutron [ -protons;selections;funtion+4Benefits:medicalpurpose(MRI)JX-rays)Issues:socialethicalissues nuclearenergy accidentsinpowerplantphysical/chemicalshangestudies usingasweapons Nanotechnologyspurificationofwater hazuldswhenhandling