Chap 15-17 - Reproduction Notes

COMPULSORY SUBJECT CLINIC REPRODUCTIONChap 15 Reproduction Chap 16 Reproduction in plants Chap 17 Reproduction in Humans

Chap 15 Reproduction(a) define asexual reproduction as the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent (b) state that mitosis is a type of cell division giving rise to genetically identical cells in which the chromosome number is maintained (c) state the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction (d) define sexual reproduction as the process involving the fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes to form a zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring (e) define the terms haploid and diploid, and explain the need for a reduction division process prior to fertilisation in sexual reproduction (f) state what is meant by homologous pairs of chromosomes (g) state that meiosis is a type of cell division that gives rise to genetically dissimilar cells in which the chromosome number is halved due to the separation of homologous chromosomes (h) state that meiosis is used in the formation of gametes

a) define asexual reproduction as the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent (d) define sexual reproduction as the process involving the fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes to form a zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Production of genetically identical offspring Production of genetically dissimilar offspring Requires one parent Requires two parents (except for self- pollinated plants) Does not involve fertilisationInvolves fertilisation (fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes to form a zygote Involves mitosis Involves meiosis to produce gametes Relatively quicker method of reproductionRelatively slower method of reproduction

(b) state that mitosis is a type of cell division giving rise to genetically identical cells in which the chromosome number is maintained (c) state the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction (g) state that meiosis is a type of cell division that gives rise to genetically dissimilar cells in which the chromosome number is halved due to the separation of homologous chromosomes (h) state that meiosis is used in the formation of gametes Mitosis Meiosis Produces genetically identical cellsProduces genetically dissimilar cells Produces diploid cells (chromosome number is maintained) Produces haploid cells Produces body cells for growth, repair and asexual reproduction Produces gametes

(f) state what is meant by homologous pairs of chromosomes ◦Pair of chromosomes ◦one inherited from each parent ◦Have same shape, size and same sequence of genes. ◦Separate during meiosis to produce haploid cells

Chap 16 Reproduction in Plants (i) identify, using a hand lens if necessary, the sepals, petals, stamens and carpels of insect-pollinated, dicotyledonous f