Organic chem CAQ

☄ Organic chemistry Created Tags Questions regarding free radical substitution Why does it occur at high temperature? Sufficient energy for the X2 molecule to undergo homolytic fission to form free radicals Why is an atom like oxygen described as a free radical Write configuration of atom and identify unpaired electrons Identify the orbital the unpaired electrons is in Concept: radicals have unpaired electrons What is a free radical? An atom with an unpaired electron Explaining basicity of a compound Factor Explanation Delocalisation of electrons due to continuous overlapping of at least 3 adjacent p orbitals (usually amide) Delocalisation of lone pair of electrons to adjacent p orbitals due to presence of highly electronegative atoms , not available to accept H/donate lone pair of electrons to Sept ember 9 , 2025 125 AM Or ganic chemistr y 1

Factor Explanation accept H (only for Lewis bases or when in gaseous state due to absence of H , compound neutral (amide) Delocalisation of lone pair of electrons into benzene ring Less significant than delocalisation of p orbitals, decreased electron density, less likely for lone pair of electrons available to donate to accept H and donate pair of electrons in gaseous state or Lewis bases Presence of electron donating groups/ electron withdrawing EDGs intensify the electron density on atom causing the atom to be electron rich, lone pair of electrons more likely to donate to accept H EWG decreases electron density on atom, more likely to accept H Questions regarding major products formed in mechanisms Mechanism Explanation Free-radical substitution Expected product: count the number of hydrogen atoms actual product: Compounds that form tertiary radical will be formed in a greater proportion than expected as it is more stable due to the 3 electron donating groups, reducing electron defiency in order to stabalise the carbon radical for the intermediate of the compound followed by secondary and followed by primary (you can draw the radical intermediate) Answering structure: 1. State if itʼs primary, secondary or Or ganic chemistr y 2

Mechanism Explanation tertiary radical 2. State how many alkyl groups are there 3. More Electron donating alkyl groups help to reduce electron defiency making radical more stable Electrophilic addition/ SN2 Nu sub During the electrophilic addition/Nu sun mechanism, tertiary carbocation is the most stable as it consists of 3 electron donating alkyl groups to reduce electron deficiency of carbocation, stabalising it, followed by secondary carbocation and primary carbocation (you can draw the carbocation intermediates) Question regarding Nucleophillic substitutions Why certain molecules undergo SN1 rather than SN2 Conditions that favour SN1 Stable carbocation either by tertiary or resonance stabalised High steric hindrance due to bulky hydrocarbon groups attached to nucleophile, unable to do rear side attack Why certain compound unable to go through SN1 mechanism