VJC Chapter 26 Fundamentals of Computer Networks (Part 2)

VJC/H2Computing/9569 Chapter 26 Fundamentals of Computer Networks (Part 2) Content 1 Introduction 2 Computer Network Architecture: Client and Server Processes 2.1 Client-server Architecture 2.2 Peer-to-peer (P2P) Architecture 2.3 Hybrid Architecture 3 The Interface Between the Process and the Computer Network 3.1 Socket Communication 3.2 IP addresses and Ports 3.3 TCP Socket API 4 Socket Programming 4.1 Python’s Socket Module 4.2 Unicode and Encodings 4.3 Sockets 4.4 How to Create a Basic Client and Server 4.5 How to Design a Protocol 4.6 How to Create Iterative Servers 4.7 Writing a Chat Program 4.8 Writing a Turn-Based Game Annex - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Syllabus Learning Outcomes 4.1 Fundamentals of Computer Networks Understand computer network technology 4.1.5 Explain client-server architecture. 4.1.6 Implement an iterative server with socket programming. Given the server code, students should be able to implement the client code for a given scenario, and vice-versa, e.g. for a tic-tac-toe game. 1

VJC/H2Computing/9569 1 Introduction When we use the internet, we often use a web browser such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Chrome. The web browser is an example of an application, meaning a program used by the end user. It is also referred to as a client because it starts the exchange of information. It requests web pages from a web server, which is a different program running on another device. A server serves the information requested by the client. This is the client-server model, and most programs that access the internet follow it. Applications such as email, file transfer, media streaming, and online games all communicate via the internet with their respective servers. In peer-to-peer networking, each device can act as a client requesting files from another device, as a server sharing files with another device, or as both simultaneously. Messages sent between the application (i.e. the client) and the server use a specific protocol designed for the application. The application layer provides these protocols. 2 Computer Network Architecture: Client and Server Processes A network application consists of pairs of processes that send messages to each other over a network. For each pair of communicating processes, we typically label one of the two processes as the client and the other process as the server. In a Web application, a browser is a client process, and a Web server