2022 AMKSS EGeog Prelims w Ans

Mrs Clara Tan Sec 4E/5N Geography Elective AMKSS Preliminary Examination 2022 1 HUMANITIES Paper 2 Geography 2272/02 Tuesday 30th August 2022 1 hr 40 min Setter: Mrs Clara Tan Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert Section A Answer one question from this section. 1. A group of students were investigating the Great Barrier Reef as a popular honeypot tourism site in Australia. Figure 1A (Insert) shows the number of tourist arrivals to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (a) One student though that there may be a link between the distance from the tourist’s country of origin and the number of tourists who visit the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. State a guiding question that the students could investigate and suggest how far the information from Figure 1A support the guiding question. Is the guiding question/hypothesis supported/valid/proven? - Yes/No, the guiding question is supported/valid/proven • Does the shorter the distance from the tourist’s country of origin result in a larger number of tourists visiting the Great Barrier Reef? • Does the distance of tourist’s country of origin from the Great Barrier affect the number of tourists visiting the Great Barrier Reef? • GQ-[1m] • The largest number of tourists (more than 8 million) came from the nearest region of SE and East Asia + Oceania. • The smallest number of tourists (less than 3 million) came from Africa, which is further away from Australia. • Hence guiding question is supported. OR • However, there were as many as 6 to 8 million tourists who came from America although America is the furthest from Australia. • Hence guiding question is unsupported. [4] ANG MO KIO SECONDARY SCHOOL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2022 SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS / 5 NORMAL ACADEMIC

Mrs Clara Tan Sec 4E/5N Geography Elective AMKSS Preliminary Examination 2022 2 Credit 1m for a suitable guiding question Credit for some qualifications (use of the tourist arrival values) that (un)supports the guiding question at 1m each Credit 1m for stating that the conclusion (un)supports the guiding question

Mrs Clara Tan Sec 4E/5N Geography Elective AMKSS Preliminary Examination 2022 3 (b) Other than a map, suggest how else the data in Figure 1A can be represented. • Bar Graph where x-axis (country of origin) and y-axis (number of tourists) • Title: Number of tourists from different country of origin • Draw bars of equal width to represent the data in each category / there should be a gap between each bar to distinguish between the different categories. Credit 1m for labelled axis / scale Credit 1m for providing a contextualized title Credit 1m for describing how the bars should be drawn [3] (c) Another group of students wanted to study how tourism may have an economic impact at the Great Barrier Reef. They surveyed 100 respondents that included both tourists as well as retail operators at the Great Barrier Reef. The survey took place between 7:00am to 8:00am on a weekday in June. Figure 1B (Insert) is the questionnaire that the students crafted. With reference to Figure 1B only, what are some of strengths and limitations of the questionnaire crafted by the students. Strengths • Use of close-ended questions (Question 1 and 2) for ease of completion by respondents. • Length of questionnaire survey allows respondents to complete the survey without suffering from survey fatigue. • Provision of an ‘others’ option allows for more accurate capture of other possible avenues in which tourists spend their money. Limitations • There should be a separate questionnaire for tourists and retail operators with some variation in the questions asked. • The expenditure range for Question 2 is not uniform. Credit marks for showing strengths and limitations at 1m each Accept other plausible answers [3] (d) Suggest a sampling method that the students can use and outline some improvements that the students can make to the data collection process. • Sampling method: Stratified sampling method that requires the population to be divided into smaller groups (tourists and retail operators), called 'strata'. This is followed by using random / systematic sampling to select the respondents from each stratum or group. • Sample Size: To ensure that there is an equal number of respondents from each stratum (50 tourists and 50 retail operators) • Time: A longer time duration (more than one hour) / over more than one day to allow for a greater coverage of data collected. • Data collection method: To conduct interviews with the retail operators instead of questionnaires as interviews allow for more in-depth qualitative responses from the retail operators. [3]

Mrs Clara Tan Sec 4E/5N Geography Elective AMKSS Preliminary Examination 2022 4 Credit marks at 1m each or 2m for more detailed description and elaboration of the sampling method Credit marks at 1m each for description of each of the improvements made (linking the improvements to the context of the question) 2. A group of students were interested in studying about local winds. They looked at secondary data on sea and land surface temperature. Figure 2A shows the data collected from Site X and Site Y and Figure 2B (Insert) shows the locations of Site X and Site Y. Time 0000 0400 0800 1200 1600 2000 Wind Speed (km/h) 20 20 16 26 24 18 Sea Surface Temperature (ºC) at Site X 18 18 17 17 17 18 Land Surface Temperature (ºC) at Site Y 12 10 18 30 25 15 Figure 2A (a) Describe some strengths and limitations of using secondary data. Strengths • Readily available from a number of reliable sources and may already have been used in previous research, making it easier to carry out further research • Time-saving as it has been collection for used in previous research and • cost-efficient as little to no expenses is needed when it is available online : the data was collected by someone other than the researcher • Data may cover larger samples of the population in detail Limitations • Secondary data may be outdated as it is likely to be collected at least one year ago. Inaccuracy may be presented in the data collection. • If using data collected for different research purposes, it may not meet the objective of the investigation as needed by the students as each research will be uniquely different. • cover those samples of the population researchers want to examine, or not in sufficient detail • Data may be difficult to get access to due to confidentiality Credit marks for showing strengths and limitations at 1m each Accept other plausible answers [3]

Mrs Clara Tan Sec 4E/5N Geography Elective AMKSS Preliminary Examination 2022 5 (b