ANDSS 2025 GEOG(E) MS Prelim

This document consists of 12 printed pages. O ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL Preliminary Examinations 2025 Secondary Four Express / Secondary Five Normal Academic CANDIDATE NAME: CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER: HUMANITIES Paper 2 Geography 2260/02 27 August 2025 1 hour 45 minutes 0800 - 0945 Additional Materials: Insert Mark Scheme

2260/2 4E5NA GE Prelim 2025 2 Section A Answer Question 1 and Question 2. 1 Cluster 1: Geography in Everyday Life (a) Study Fig. 1.1 which shows The Singapore Botanic Gardens. The Singapore Botanic Gardens Fig. 1.1 - The Gardens is a 166-year-old tropical garden and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in the heart of Singapore. It is a place of beauty, scientific research, and recreation, offering a diverse range of attractions and experiences. - The Gardens was selected as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 4, 2015. This makes it a unique and significant cultural and natural landmark for Singapore. - Queen Elizabeth II toured the Gardens in 1972 and has an orchid named in her honour, Dendrobium Elizabeth. - The Gardens are filled with locals practicing tai chi, jogging, and watching open-air concerts at the Symphony Lake during the weekends.

2260/2 4E5NA GE Prelim 2025 3 (i) With reference to Fig. 1.1, describe the cultural ecosystem services in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. [3] Award 1m for each description, up to 3 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. Cultural ecosystem services: refer to the provision of benefits people obtain from ecosystems including aesthetic experiences, educational opportunities, and recreational activities. [1 - definition] • The Gardens selected in the UNESCO World Heritage List brings social and cultural pride and identity for the local visitors. [1] • It provides educational opportunities for visitors to learn about the various vegetations and orchids that thrive there. [1] • Visitors can learn about Singapore’s colonial history, since it is an old and historical site, with orchids named after British monarchs. [Additional 1 mark] • There is aesthetic appreciation for the plants, e.g. heritage trees or significant orchid species. [1] • There is aesthetic musical experience to enjoy with open-air concerts at the Symphony Lake during the weekends. [1] • The green spaces provide opportunities for visitors to participate in recreational activities such as tai chi and jogging. [1] AO2 (ii) Describe how visitors to the Botanic Gardens can bring disadvantages to nature.[2] Award 1m for each description, up to 2 m. • Visitors may trample on the vegetation, damaging plants and affecting their growth. [1] • Visitors may pollute the Gardens through littering which wildlife may mistake for food and consume them causing illness or death. [1] • Visitors may disturb the wildlife that live in the Gardens, increasing their likelihood to attack when fearful or triggered. [1] AO1 (b) Explain how environmental stewardship is achieved in the neighbourhood. [3] Award 1m for each description, up to 3 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable.

2260/2 4E5NA GE Prelim 2025 4 Environmental stewardship refers to the actions taken by individuals or groups, to protect, care for or responsibly use the environment to pursue environmental and/or social outcomes. [1 mark – definition] • Promoting volunteerism among neighbourhood residents to share knowledge with others about the importance of healthy ecosystems. [1] • This helps residents become more aware of what they can and should do to responsibly use and protect the natural environment. [Additional 1 mark] • Partnership of public and private sectors contributes to environmental stewardship efforts. [1] • Residents play a vital role in the proper recycling of their waste, public agencies enhance awareness and education, while private stakeholders provide recycling facilities. [Additional 1 mark] AO1 (c) A group of students from Anders High School were investigating the level of inclusiveness in Tampines. They came up with the hypothesis, ‘The more inclusive the neighbourhood is, the higher the number of elderly living there.’ They conducted a closed -ended questionnaire survey to gather data for their investigation. The results of the questionnaire are shown in Table 1.1. (Insert). (i) Using Table 1.1 (Insert), evaluate the validity of the collected data. [4] Award 1 mark for each evaluation of the validity of students’ findings, up to 4m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each evaluation, where applicable. Valid: • Majority of the residents, 71% surveyed, stated that Tampines is an inclusive neighbourhood. [1 m – compulsory] • There are plenty of inclusive features built in Tampines. [1] • This is seen in Table 1.1 that 6 out of the 8 inclusive features listed, more than 70% of respondents indicated that they have seen these features all the time in Tampines. [Additional 1 mark] • The longer the residents lived in Tampines, they observed more inclusive features being built over the years, hence a valid finding. [1] • This is seen in 72% of the residents surveyed who have lived in Tampines for more than 11 years and 11% of the residents surveyed have lived more than 15 years. [1] • 92% of residents stating that the elderly fitness corner is present ‘all the time’ indicated that a very high percentage are aware of the inclusive features. [Additional 1 mark]

2260/2 4E5NA GE Prelim 2025 5 Not Valid: • The questionnaire did not show the actual number of elderly living in Tampines or whether it had increased with the inclusive features, instead it only shows the responses by residents who reside in Tampines. [1] • Almost ⅓ of residents (29%) felt that Tampines is not inclusive. Thus, it is quite a significant number although still in the minority. [1] • However, many of these people may have lived in Tampines for a shorter duration. [Additional 1 mark] AO3 (ii) With reference to Table 1.1 (Insert), evaluate the reliability of using close-ended questionnaire surveys to collect primary data. [2] Award 1 mark for each explanation for or against the reliability of the data collection method, to a maximum of 2 marks. For: • Generally, closed -ended questionnaires are reliable due to their use of pre - defined responses like those in Table 1.1, which guide participants and makes it easier for them to answer. [1 mark] • The quantitative data obtained is also easier to analyse and interpret consistently since they are in fixed categories. [1 mark] Against: • However, there is a need to include open -ended questions to balance out the evaluation, hence only close-ended questionnaire is not reliable. [1] • The aim of the questionnaire was to collect data from the residents and by using only closed-ended questions this cannot be achieved. [1] • Question 2 only has three options, ‘all the time’, ‘sometimes’ and ‘not at all’ and may disregard the possibility of the person not choosing any of the options, therefore the data is unreliable.’ AO3 [Total: 14]

2260/2 4E5NA GE Prelim 2025 6 2 Cluster 2: Tourism (a) Explain how an increase in mobility leads to the growth of tourism. [3] Award 1m for each description, up to 3 m. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of each description, where applicable. • There is an increase in the expansion of public transport services and infrastructure by increasing roads, railways and airports. [1] • This increase