Social Studies Full Chapter Summary Notes

SOCIAL STUDIES CHAPTER OVEREVIEW ISSUE 1 – CITIZENSHIP & GOVERNANCE ( CHAPTER 1-4) ISSUE 2 – DIVERSITY IN HARMONY (CHAPTER 5-7) ISSUE 3 – GLOBALISATION (CHAPTER 8-11) CHAPTER 1: FACTORS SHAPING CITIZENSHIP FEATURES DESCRIBE WITH EXAMPLES EXPLAIN HOW IT HELP TO SHAPE CITIZENSHIP & HELP TO ACHIEVE GOOD OF SOCIETY? A. LEGAL STATUS ➔ When a person has a legal status as a citizen = the person is recognised by law to be a member of that country. ➔ People belong to a country as stated by law, have sense of belonging to a country as well as participating to work towards the good of society ➔ Can be attained by descent, country of birth, marriage, naturalisation When rights are protected & responsibilities are fulfilled → can influence they way they think and feel about the country & influence their behaviour as well. They will also feel safe and secure, knowing their rights are protected → increase pride & sense of belonging → SHAPES CITIZENSHIP Achieving good of society: Citizens satisfied with the government → trust the government and obey it → country is stable, can attract investors → generate more revenue → economy do well → economic growth → ECONOMIC STABILITY Citizens satisfied with the government → trust the government and obey it → no tensions in society → SOCIAL STABILITY Legal status gives CITIZENS’ RIGHTS → protected by the Constitution o E.g. rights to education, freedom to practise religion, rights to be safe in SG Legal status also comes with OBLIGATIONS/ RESPONSIBILITIES. o Responsibility to respect multiculturalism, paying taxes, obeying the laws & defend the country o E.g. Male citizens in Singapore to serve National Service (NS). Following the completion of full- time NS, they will be required to serve up to 40 days of Operationally Ready National Service per year, until the age of 40 or 50. B. SENSE OF IDENTITY (NATIONAL IDENTITY) ➔ A sense of identity comes from a shared belief that we belong to the same country ➔ Sense of identity is highlighted during the conduct of common practices & spaces such as singing the national anthem and taking the national pledge o Events like National Day also increase Singaporeans’ sense of identity o Many Singaporeans can also identify with one another based on Singlish → binds Singaporeans by helping them feel they share something in common and therefore there is a sense of connectedness with one another. People's sense of identity towards their country can influence the way they think and feel about their country & influence their behaviour → The practices and experiences that strengthen people's sense of belonging to the country can result in them feeling proud to be citizens → SHAPES CITIZENSHIP. Achieving good of society: The bond and connections people feel towards fellow citizens can also motivate them to actively contribute to the country BOTH SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY → can help to achieve social & economic stability in the long run

C. CIVIC PARTICIPATION C. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ➔ Civic participation refers to citizens actively taking part in public affairs. Public affairs are matters of general interest or concern to most people in society. ➔ Citizens can contribute towards the good of society either as individuals or through formal & informal community groups ➔ Individuals can participate in public affairs by volunteering their time, effort and money in matters they are concerned about. ➔ Citizens with common interests or purposes often organise themselves into community groups to contribute towards specific needs of society. o Formal groups → have clear objectives and are officially registered with the government. They cater to specific needs and interests and generally devote their efforts over a sustained period of time. E.g. Formal community groups include social service agencies (SSA) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). o Informal groups: When there is an issue or area of need that requires attention, people organise themselves into informal community groups to adderss the concern or specific need. These groups generally exist for a period of time needed to address the specific objectives. They may not be registered with the government. Those who view civic participation as an important obligation may actively try to find ways to meet the needs of fellow citizens. To them, it is a way to contribute to the country. For other citizens, they may prefer to contribute to the country by being personally responsible and taking care of themselves and their family members. By helping the needy, it increases the affinity felt towards fellow Singaporeans → greater sense of belonging to fellow Singaporeans as they feel that they have a stake in the progress and development of society → feel part of Singapore → SHAPES CITIZENSHIP Achieving good of society: The bond and connections people feel towards fellow citizens can also motivate them to actively contribute to the country BOTH SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY → can help to achieve social & economic stability in the long run Individuals e.g. Riqmah Kindness Corner was set up by a couple to meet the needs of people around them. The Riqmah Kindness Corner is located at the entrance of their (HDB) flat, where people can come by to take groceries that they may be in need of such as oil, rice and noodles. Neighbours also contributed and pay-it-forward. Community Groups E.g. Free Food for All Set up to address food insecurity in Singapore. They provide access to tasty and nutritious food to vulnerable individuals and families regardless of race, religion and nationality. CHAPTER 2: ROLES OF GOVERNMENT A. FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE: create laws EXECUTIVE: carry out the laws JUDICIARY: apply the laws for those who do not obey the laws a. The President and the Parliament. b. The Parliament consist of a. the Speaker of the Parliament; b. the Leader of the Opposition; c. Members of Parliament (MPs). 1. President 2. Members of Cabinet are appointed from among the MPs by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. 1. the Supreme Court 2. State Courts 3. Family Justice Courts

B. ROLES OF GOVERNMENT 1. PROTECTING & PROMOTING SINGAPORE’S NATIONAL INTERESTS THROUGH DIPLOMACY AND DETERRENCE I. Deterrence - Deterring potential enemies from attacking Singapore by Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) e.g. Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) EXAMPLE: Joint Military Defence exercise with Australia – Exercise Wallaby by MINDEF defence forces (SAF, RSAF)Exchange of expertise and specialized training between Singapore and Australian military forces → build-up of Singapore’s military capability ACHIEVING GOOD OF SOCIETY (EXPLAIN): 1. Military are able to deter threats and ensure defence and safety of country → Citizens support the government → do not overthrow it → stable govt and leadership → political stability 2. Deter potential attackers from attacking Singapore → Singapore can function normally → conducive for business & more businesses would be attracted to invest in Singapore → more job opportunities → generate revenue → economic growth and stability I. Diplomacy - Establishing diplomatic ties (good relationships) with governments of different countries by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) EXAMPLE: Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), a trade agreement signed by Singapore and 14 other Asia-Pacific countries. The main aim of the agreement is to eliminate of tariffs/ taxes can encourage more trade among members → ACHIEVING GOOD OF SOCIETY (EXPLAIN): This can bring about more revenue and economic growth for member countries, such as Singapore → more job opportunities → generate revenue → economic growth and stability 2. ENSURING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF CITIZENS BY PROVIDING GOODS AND SERVICES 1. Devote