NJC H2 Physics Term 1 Timed Practice P2 with solution

[Turn over NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE SENIOR HIGH 2 Timed Practice Higher 2 CANDIDATE NAME SUBJECT CLASS REGISTRATION NUMBER PHYSICS Candidate answers on the Question Paper. 9478/02 March 2026 1 hour 15 minutes No Additional Materials are required. READ THE INSTRUCTION FIRST Write your subject class, registration number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. Answers all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 / 10 2 /10 3 / 15 4 / 10 Deduction Total /45 This document contains 20 printed pages and 4 blank pages. H

2 Data and Formula Sheet speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 × 10 8 m s -1 permeability of free space, mo = 4𝜋 × 10 -7 H m -1 permittivity of free space, eo = 8.85 × 10 -12 F m -1 ( 1 4𝜋𝜀0 = 8.99 × 109 F m -1) elementary charge, e = 1.60 × 10 -19 C the Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10 - 34 J s unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 × 10 -27 kg rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10 -31 kg rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 × 10 -27 kg molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K -1 mol -1 the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 10 23 mol -1 the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10 -23 J K -1 gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10 -11 N m 2 kg -2 acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s -2 uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + 1 2at2 v 2 = u 2 + 2as work done on/ by a gas, W = p ΔV pressure p = 𝐹 𝐴 gravitational potential, 𝜙 = − 𝐺𝑀 𝑟 temperature T /K = T /°C +273.15 pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 3 𝑁𝑚 𝑉 < 𝑐2 > mean translational kinetic E = 3 2 kT energy of an ideal gas molecule displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = xo sin ωt velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = vo cos ωt = ±𝜔√𝑥0 2 − 𝑥2 Electric current I = Anvq resistors in series, R = R1 + R2 + . . . resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . . capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . . energy in a capacitor 𝑈 = 1 2 𝑄𝑉 = 1 2 𝑄2 𝐶 = 1 2 𝐶𝑉2 charging a capacitor 𝑄 = 𝑄0 [1 − 𝑒−𝑡 𝜏] RC time constant 𝜏 = 𝑅𝐶 electric potential, 𝑉 = 𝑄 4𝜋𝜀0𝑟 alternating current / voltage, x = xo sin ωt magnetic flux density due to B = 𝜇0𝐼 2𝜋𝑑 long straight wire magnetic flux density due to B = 𝜇0𝑁𝐼 2𝑟 a flat circular coil magnetic flux density due to B = μ0nI a long solenoid energy states for quantum particle in a box 𝐸𝑛 = ℎ2 8𝑚𝐿2 𝑛2 radioactive decay, 𝑥 = 𝑥0𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 decay constant, 𝜆 = 𝑙𝑛2 𝑡1 2

[Turn over 3 BLANK PAGE

4 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Planet X is a uniform sphere with mass M and radius R. Point P lies on a straight line passing through the centre of the Earth, at a variable displacement x from the centre, as shown in Fig. 1.1. Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2 shows the variation with x of the gravitational potential at point P between x = R and x = 5R. Fig. 1.2

[Turn over 5 By reference to the definition of gravitational potential, explain why gravitational potential is a negative quantity. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2] (b) Planet Y is another uniform sphere with radius R and half the mass of planet X. The distance between the centre of the planets is 6R. Point P is now on the straight line passing through the centres of the planet, as shown in Fig. 1.3. Fig. 1.3 (i) Show that the gravitational field strength at P is zero when x = 3.5R. [2] (ii) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with x of the gravitational potential at point P between x = R and x = 5R 1. due to planet Y only and label the graph as “Y”, [2] 2. due to both planets and label the graph as “T”. [2]

6 (c) A rock moves along the line joining the centres of the planets in (b). On Fig. 1.4, sketch the variation with x of the gravitational force F exerted on the rock between x = R and x = 5R. Fig. 1.4 [2] [Total: 10]

[Turn over 7 2 (a) A fixed mass of water in a beaker is at atmospheric pressure and its initial temperature is 0°C. The temperature of the water is raised gradually by heating. (i) The water is supplied with thermal energy E, so that its temperature increases to 8°C. There is no net change in the volume of the water. Use the first law of thermodynamics to complete Table 2.1 for this process. Table 2.1 work done on water thermal energy supplied to water increase in internal energy of water +E [1] (ii) The water is now heated so that its temperature increases by a further 8°C to a final temperature of 16°C. This process causes the volume of the water to increase so that work W is done. You may assume that the change in internal energy is the same as in (b)(i). Use the first law of thermodynamics to complete Table 2.2 for this process. Table 2.2 work done on water thermal energy supplied to water increase in internal energy of water [2] (iii) The specific heat capacity of the water is calculated from the energy transferred by heating per unit mass per unit change in temperature. Suggest, with a reason, how the average specific heat capacity of water between 8°C and 16°C compares with its average value between 0°C and 8°C. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1] (iv) Explain why it is incorrect to assume that the change in internal energy for (b)(i) and (b)(ii) are equal. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

8 (b) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain why the internal energy of the following situations increases. (i) A spring is stretched at constant temperature within its elastic limit ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2] (ii) A sample of water when it evaporates from a rain puddle on a hot day. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3] [Total: 10]

[Turn over 9 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows an electric guitar with six strings of different thickness. The sounds are amplified by electronic pickups (microphones), and an amplifier to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals and ultimately reproduced by loudspeakers as sound. Fig. 3.1 (i) State the conditions required for the formation of stationary waves. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2] (ii) The top string produces a note of fundamental frequency 440 Hz. The velocity of wave travelling along the guitar string is 528 m s–1. 1. Show that the effective length of the string is 0.60 m. [1] 2. The amplitude of the vibrati