SJI Ecology and Climate Change Notes

IBBiology(SL/HL) [Notes]Topic1:Ecology&ClimateChange(I) [IBBiology-1stAssessment2025] Overview Topic1A⎯A4.2Conservationofbiodiversity● Theme&LevelofOrganization.Unityanddiversity⎼Ecosystems● GuidingQuestions. (1)Whatfactorsarecausingthesixthmassextinctionof species?(2) Howcanconservationistsminimizethelossofbiodiversity?● LinkingQuestions.(1) Inwhatwaysisdiversityapropertyoflifeatalllevelsofbiologicalorganization?(2)Howdoesvariationcontributetothestabilityofecologicalcommunities? Topic1B⎯B4.2Ecologicalniches● Theme&LevelofOrganization.Formandfunction⎼Ecosystems● GuidingQuestions.(1)Whataretheadvantagesofspecializedmodesofnutritiontolivingorganisms?(2)Howaretheadaptationsofaspeciesrelatedtoitsnicheinanecosystem?● LinkingQuestions.(1)Whataretherelativeadvantagesofspecificityandversatility?(2)Foreachformofnutrition,whataretheuniqueinputs,processesandoutputs? Topic1C⎯C4.1Populationsandcommunities● Theme&LevelofOrganization.Interactionandinterdependence⎼Ecosystems● GuidingQuestions.(1)Howdointeractionsbetweenorganismsregulatesizesofpopulationsin a community? (2) What interactions within a community make its populationsinterdependent?● LinkingQuestions.(1)Whatarethebenefitsofmodelsinstudyingbiology?(2)Whatfactorscanlimitcapacityinbiologicalsystems? Acknowledgement1. Notesadaptedfrom<SaveMyExams>https://www.savemyexams.com/dp/ [Notes]Topic1:Ecology&ClimateChange(I) 1

Topic1A⎯A4.2Conservationofbiodiversity ● Theme & Level of Organization. Unity and diversity ⎼Ecosystems● GuidingQuestions.(1)Whatfactorsarecausingthesixthmassextinctionofspecies?(2)Howcanconservationistsminimizethelossofbiodiversity?● LinkingQuestions.(1) Inwhatwaysisdiversityapropertyoflifeatalllevelsofbiologicalorganization?(2)Howdoesvariationcontributetothestabilityofecologicalcommunities? ContentStatementsA4.2.1⎼Biodiversityasthevarietyoflifeinallitsforms,levelsandcombinationsA4.2.2⎼ComparisonsbetweencurrentnumberofspeciesonEarthandpastlevelsofbiodiversityA4.2.3⎼CausesofanthropogenicspeciesextinctionA4.2.4⎼CausesofecosystemlossA4.2.5⎼EvidenceforabiodiversitycrisisA4.2.6⎼CausesofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisisA4.2.7⎼NeedforseveralapproachestoconservationofbiodiversityA4.2.8⎼SelectionofevolutionarilydistinctandgloballyendangeredspeciesforconservationprioritizationintheEDGEofExistenceprogramme A4.2.1⎼Biodiversityasthevarietyoflifeinallitsforms,levelsandcombinationsA4.2.2⎼ComparisonsbetweencurrentnumberofspeciesonEarthandpastlevelsofbiodiversity Biodiversity● Biodiversitycanbethoughtofasthevarietyoflifethatexistsinaspecified area. This can refer to global biodiversity, or to thebiodiversityofasmallerregion.● Biodiversityisveryimportant for theresilienceofecosystems.The more biodiverse an ecosystem is, the more stable andresistanttochangeitwillbe.● Biodiversitycanbestudiedatthreedifferentlevels:(i)ecosystem,(ii)speciesand(iii)genetic. [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-three-components-of-biodiversity-UNEP-WCMC-2015_fig1_312948089] Speciesdiversity● Speciesdiversitycanbemeasuredintwoways