RI 2024 H2 Physics Promo Sect C QP

Name: ( ) CT Group: 25S0 RAFFLES INSTITUTION 2024 YEAR 5 PROMOTION EXAMINATION H2 PHYSICS 9749 2 h 30 min Section C RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFL ES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFL ES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFL ES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFL ES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFLES INSTITUTION RAFFL ES INSTITUTION Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Name, Index Number and CT Group in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a 2B pencil for any diagrams or graphs. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. Answer all questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 21 / 17 22 / 19 Deductions There are 11 printed pages, inclusive of the cover page, in this booklet.

2 © Raffles Institution 21 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the outermost rocky shell of Earth that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. Earth is made up of several layers, namely, the core, mantle and crust as shown in Fig. 21.1. Fig. 21.1 (not to scale) The core is made of two layers , i.e., the inner core and the outer core. The inner core at the centre of Earth is a hot, dense ball of solid iron. The outer core which is sandwiched between the inner core and the mantle is composed of liquid iron and nickel. The mantle is the largest and thickest layer of Earth, making up 84% of the planet's total volume and its structure is mostly silicate. The outermost layer known as the crust is thin and rigid. The crust is mostly made up of rocks. Earthquakes occur in the mantle or crust. They can occur naturally or be induced by human activities, such as mining, fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and nuclear tests. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocentre or focus while the ground level directly above it is the epicentre. Earthquakes are primarily caused by geological faults but also by volcan