RI 2026 Carboxylic Acids Derivatives Tutorial Self Check answers

1 RAFFLES INSTITUTION YEAR 6 H2 CHEMISTRY 2026 Tutorial 19 – Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives ___________________________________________________________________________________ Answers to Self-check questions 1 A. C O CH3 OH ROH, conc H2SO4, heat NH3(aq) Na(s) or NaOH(aq) or Na2CO3(aq) C O CH3 O − Na+ C O CH3 O − NH4 + C O CH3 Cl C OH CH3 H H C O CH3 OR C O CH3 NR2CH3CN or or C O CH3 OR or C O CH3 H H2SO4(aq) heat C OH CH3 H H C O CH3 Cl C C CH3 HH CH3 KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat or K2Cr2O7(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat H2O, r.t. KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat PCl5 LiAlH4 B. C O CH3 Cl NaOH(aq)H2O(l) ROH NR2H NH3 O − Na+ C O CH3 NH2 C O CH3 NR2 C O CH3 O − Na+C O CH3 OH C O CH3 OR C O CH3 O

2 2 (a) CO2H (b) CO2H Cl (c) O O (d) HO2C CO2H 3 (a) 2,5-dimethylhexanedioic acid (b) ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (c) 3-nitrobenzoic acid (d) 2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (e) 3-ethylhexanoic acid (f) 4,5-dibromopentanoic acid 4a Both hydroxyethanoic acid and ethanoic acid are polar molecules held together by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (due to the COOH group present). Hydroxyethanoic acid has more extensive hydrogen bonding as there is an additional –OH group that can be involved in hydrogen bonding. Thus, more energy is needed to overcome the stronger and more extensive hydrogen bonds between hydroxyethanoic acid molecules and it exists as a solid whereas ethanoic acid exists as a liquid. 4b Ethanoic acid exists as polar molecules held together by stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds while ethyl ethanoate exists as polar molecules held together by weaker permanent dipole-permanent dipole interactions. More energy is required to overcome the stronger hydrogen bonds between ethanoic acid molecules thus it has a higher boiling point. 4c Benzoic acid can form hydrogen bonds with water. However, benzoic acid has limited solubility in water as its large non- polar benzene ring interferes with the formation of hydrogen bonding between the -CO 2H group and water. The energy released in formation of hydrogen bonds between benzoic acid and water is insufficient to compensate the energy required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Sodium benzoate, an ionic compound, is soluble in water as it can form ion-dipole interactions with water. These interactions are strong enough to release sufficient energy during hydration to overcome strong ionic bonds in sodium benzoate. 5 C There are 2 ester linkages (circled in dotted rectangles) and 5 chiral carbon atoms (indicated with asterisks) as shown below. O H N O N CH3 O O O O N H O yanucamide B * * * * * 6 C Upon acidic hydrolysis of the esters, only the alcohol (ethanol) formed in option C will undergo oxidation with alkaline aqueous iodine (positive iodoform test ) as it has the CH3CH(OH)- group.

3 7 B (A) CH3COCl + 2OH− → H3COO− + Cl− + H2O Amt of Cl− = Amt of AgCl = 1 ÷ 78.5 = 0.0127 mol Mass of AgCl = 0.0127 × (35.5+108.0) = 1.83 g (C) No reaction occurs due to partial double bond character in C-Cl bond. Mass of AgCl = 0 g (B) CH2Cl CH2Cl + 2OH − + 2Cl − CH2OH CH2OH Amt of Cl− = 2(1 ÷ 153) = 0.01307 mol Mass of AgCl = 0.01307 × (35.5 + 108.0) = 1.88 g (D) + 2OH − + 2Cl − Cl Cl O O O − O − O O Amt of Cl− = 2(1 ÷ 155) = 0.0129 mol Mass of AgCl = 0.0129 × (35.5 + 108.0) = 1.85 g 8 All statements (1, 2 and 3) are correct. HO OCH3 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine NH NH2 NO2 NO2 + estrone HO CH3 NH N O2N NO2 + H2O (1) HO OCH3 + estrone (2) Na +Na−O OCH3 + 0.5 H2 HO OCH3 + estrone (3) CH3COCl OCH3 + HCl O O