HCI SPECIMEN PAPER D Higher Paper

1 Name: _________________________________________ ( ) Class: ______________ HWA CHONG INSTITUTION SAMPLE D HIGHER PHYSICS Level : Secondary Three Duration : 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your name, index number and class on the top of this page. Answer the questions in Section A and B in the spaces provided. All workings must be shown. In Section B, answer only 2 questions out of the 3 questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES In Sections A and B the intended marks for each question or part of a question a re given in brackets [ ]. Any working should be done in the space provided. When necessary, take acceleration due to gravity, g to be 10 m s-2. ______________________________________________________________________________ This question paper consists of 12 printed pages, including this page.

2 Section A [20 marks] 1 This question is about liquid flow. The diagram shows a storage container for liquids. The container is filled from above. The distance between the base of the container and the ground is h0. The initially empty container is then filled at a constant rate. The height h of the liquid surface above the ground is measured as a function of tim e t. The results of the measurements are shown plotted on the following page.

3 (a) Draw a best-fit line for the data. [1] (b) It is hypothesized that h is directly proportional to t. State and explain whether this hypothesis is correct for the periods (i) 0 to 120 s.tt== [1] (ii) 120 s.t [1] 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Liquid surface height above ground h / m time t / s

4 (c) Use data from the graph to determine the value of 0h . [2] (d) The area of the base of the container is 1.8 m 2. Deduce that the volume of liquid entering the storage container each second is approximately .. 310 02 m s− [2] (e) The container is completely filled after 850 s. Calculate the total volume of the container. Volume = ………………………. m3 [1] (f) The empty container is now filled at half the rate in (d). Using the same axes on page 3, sketch a graph to show the variation of h with t in the range 0 to 900 s.tt== [2]

5 2 This question is about waves in earthquakes. P and S waves are waves associated with earthquakes. A P wave is a compressional wave. The disturbance travels longitudinally with the particle motion. A n S wave is a shear wave because the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. (see the picture below) Longitudinal P wave Transverse S wave In an earthquake, a P wave and an S wave travel at different speeds, and we can use this difference to help us locate the ‘epicentre’ of the earthquake (where the disturbance took place). (a) Assuming typical speeds of 8.5 km s -1 and 5.5 km s -1 for P and S waves, respectively, how far away did an earthquake occur if a particular seismic station detects the arrival of these two types of waves 1.5 minutes apart? distance from epicentre = ………………………………….. m [5]

6 (b) Is one seismic station sufficient to determine the position of the epicentre? If yes, explain your reasoning. If not, suggest the minimum number of stations need ed to determine the epicentre position and explain your reason. You may use the space below to draw diagrams for your explanation. [3] (c) P waves tend to shake buildings vertically (up and down), while S waves tend to cause buildings to shake horizont ally (left and right). This wave is not the same as the drawings on page 5 because those waves are deep inside the earth and not surface waves. State and explain which type of wave is more damaging. [2]

7 Section B [20 marks] Answer two out of three questions in this section. 3 This question is about optics. A small disc, 6 mm in diameter, lies centrally at the bottom of a cylindrical beaker of height 150 mm and is illuminated from below. A converging lens of focal length 100 mm rests on the rim of the beaker and forms an image of the disc. You can assume that the lens is thin. (a) Determine, by calculation or otherwise, the image distance of the disc. Image distance = …………………….. mm [2]

8 (b) The beaker is now filled with water to a height .h Derive an equation, in terms of h , for the effective object distance. Take the refractive index of water to be 4 3 . [3] (c) Based on the equation that you have worked out in (b), explain whether it is possible to form a virtual image for this set-up. [2] (d) When the water level is at half the beaker’s height, the image appears at a distance of 420 mm away from the lens. Calculate the diameter of the new image. Image diameter = …………………. mm [3]

9 4 This question is about forces and motion. (a) Two identical boxes, A and B, stand on a floor with two sides parallel and only a few cm apart , as shown. Insert a long stiff pole vertically in the space between the boxes and pull horizontally at the upper end of the pole to separate the boxes. Will both boxes move simultaneously or just one of them? If it is one of them, which box is it? I n any case, explain your answer. You may use the space below for mathematical working or diagrammatic reasoning. [4]

10 (b) A man standing on the south bank of a still river of width 20 .0 m. He can run at a top speed of . 110 0 m s− and swim at .. 12 0 m s− His destination is a point 150 .0 m downstream on the north bank. Calculate the distance that he should swim and the distance he should run to reach the destination in the shortest time. Hint: Consider a critically refracted ray Swimming distance = ……………………… m [4] Running distance = …..………………….. m [2]