Secondary 2 Compiled Chapter Deck for History EOY

What did the People in Singapore experience during the Japanese Occupation? Secondary 2 History, Chapter 6 Contents 1. Methods Japanese used to control Singapore 2. Life under the Japanese 3. Response to Japanese rule conttttrol https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhumWst7EMk How the war shaped me: Remembering the fall of Singapore, 80 years on How the war shaped me: Remembering the fall of Singapore, 80 years on Two survivors of the Japanese Occupation of Singapore recount their memories of World War II. How the war shaped me: Remembering the fall of S'pore, 80 years on. https://str.sg/wWBf ➤SUBSCRIBE http://bit.ly/FollowST -------------------- ➤WEBSITE http://www.straitstimes.com ➤TELEGRAM https://t.me/TheStraitsTimes ➤FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/TheStraitsTimes ➤TIKTOK https://www.tiktok.com/@straitstimes ➤INSTAGRAM https://www.instagram.com/straits_times ➤TWITTER https://twitter.com/straits_times ➤PODCASTS http://str.sg/stpodcasts 1. Methods Japanese used to control the people

Overview (Pg. 9) Methods Japanese used for Control 1. Using Force Harsh punishments Imprisoning Allied Soldiers Sook Ching Coercing the Chinese Business Community 2. Winning Loyalty Propaganda Benefits to Locals Impose Japanese Culture a. Using force a. Using Force Meting out Harsh Punishments (pg. 10) • Harsh punishments were imposed on criminals and other people that were seen as enemies by the Japanese • For example, to put an end to looting, the Japanese executed those who were caught. • Their heads were displayed publicly. •T h eKempeitai, the Japanese military police, provided food and cash rewards to encourage people to report anyone they suspected of being involved in anti-Japanese activities. • Anti-Japanese suspects would be beaten and tortured, or imprisoned and executed. a. Using Force Meting out Harsh Punishments: How did this control the people? • Such harsh punishments created fear and served as severe warnings to the people about the potential consequences of going against the Japanese. • The use of informants made it hard for the locals to trust each other. Overtime, people learnt to go about their business quietly and do not appear disobedient in case they drew the unwanted attention of the Japanese.

a. Using Force Imprisoning Allied Soldiers (pg. 10-11) • When the Japanese took control of Singapore, they had plans to deal with the Allied troops and the people in Singapore. • The Japanese imprisoned the British, Australians, and Allied Europeans in Singapore, including women and children. • The Allied soldiers were forced to march in public from Bukit Timah Road to Changi Prison and the barracks nearby, where they would be imprisoned . a. Using Force Imprisoning Allied Soldiers (pg. 10-11): How did this control the people? •T h e public humiliation and harsh treatment made the locals fear the Japanese, as it served as a warning that opponents of the Japanese would face harsh punishments. It also served to destroy the myth of White Man’s superiority. • The people felt that they had no choice but to conform, thus making it easier for the Japanese to control them. a. Using Force Sook Ching (pg. 11-12) • Soon after taking control of Singapore, the Japanese carried out Operation Sook Ching, which aimed to identify and eliminate anti-Japanese elements amongst the locals. • It was a brutal purge of the Chinese community who were suspected of being anti-Japanese. The Kempeitai were in charge of this operation. a. Using Force Sook Ching (pg. 11-12) • The Japanese posted notices requiring all Chinese men aged 18 to 50 to assemble at mass screening centers to be examined by the Japanese. • Those who were not identified as anti- Japanese were allowed to go home after receiving a stamp. • However, those Chinese men who did not pass the screening would be tied up and kept under guard. They will then be transported to be executed.

a. Using Force Sook Ching (pg. 11-12) • The operation killed between 25,000 and 50,000 people. a. Using Force Sook Ching (pg. 11-12): How did this control the people? • Operation Sook Ching caused the great loss of lives and misery to those who lost their loved ones. • It created an atmosphere of fear and thus made many conform to the Japanese to avoid suffering the same fate. • Therefore, they obeyed and submit to the Japanese, enabling easier control of the Japanese over the people. Think! Why did the Japanese target the Chinese population? Fun Fact: Lee Kuan Yew escaped the Sook Ching execution!

a. Using Force Coercing the Chinese Business Community (pg. 14) • The Japanese also targeted the Chinese businessmen in Singapore because of their generous contributions to the China Relief Fund, which supported China’s resistance against Japan. • The Overseas Chinese Association was set up by Dr. Lim Boon Keng to act as a channel of communication between the Chinese community and the Japanese government. a. Using Force Coercing the Chinese Business Community (pg. 14) • The Japanese demanded that the Overseas Chinese Association (OCA) gift 50 million Straits dollars to the Japanese government. • This is to punish the Chinese community in Malaya and Singapore for supporting anti- Japanese war activities in China, as well as British war efforts in Malaya and Singapore. a. Using Force Coercing the Chinese Business Community (pg. 14): How did this control the people? •T h e harsh consequences and heavy financial penalties were a stern reminder to the Chinese business community that those who went against the Japanese authority will be severely punished. • This made many relent and cooperate with the Japanese, thus allowing the Japanese easier control over the people. They cooperated out of fear that they would suffer worse consequences if they went against the Japanese. b. Winning Loyalty

b. Winning Loyalty Using Propaganda (pg. 14-15) • In addition to using force, the Japanese also sought to win over the locals in order to establish control over Singapore. • One way they did so was to use propaganda to influence the minds of the people in Singapore and gain their loyalty. b. Winning Loyalty Using Propaganda (pg. 14-15) • The Japanese portrayed themselves as liberators who had came to free the Asians from colonial rule. • They tried to convince the locals to accept their vision of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, in which Japan would free the Asian nations from Western colonial rule. • The vision also pressed for a united Asia that would benefit from sharing of resources collectively. Think! If you were the Japanese, how would you spread your messages? b. Winning Loyalty Using Propaganda (pg. 14-15) • The Japanese spread propaganda through various channels such as posters, radio and broadcast. • The Japanese also tried to use propaganda to get the Indian community to look upon Japanese rule favourably.

Think! Why would the Japanese target the Indian community? b. Winning Loyalty Using Propaganda (pg. 14-15) • Aware that some Indian immigrants were influenced by the rise of anti-British sentiments, the Japanese promised to help free India from British rule. • The Indian National Army (INA) was thus formed with Japanese support to recruit Indians to fight against the British in India. It was led by Subhas Chandra Bose, a prominent Indian politican who campaigned for India’s independence from British rule. b. Winning Loyalty Using Propaganda (pg. 14-15): How did it help the Japanese control the people? • The clever use of propaganda by the Japanese helped them to influence the minds of the locals and win their loyalty. • The positive image portrayed by the media of the Japanese as kind and friendly liberators helped to soften their image, especially during their rule. • By helping the INA fight for independence, it enabled the Japanese to win the cooperation and favour of the Indians. • All th