SKSS Sec 2 Geog 2025 EOY (Ans key)

1 [Turn Over MARKSCHEME Class: SENG KANG SECONDARY SCHOOL 2025 END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY 2nd October 2025 SECONDARY TWO G3 1 hour 20 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue, or correction fluid. Use of calculator and geographical apparatus is allowed. Answer all questions in this question paper. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s use Section A /17 Section B /14 Section C /14 Total /45 %/Grade / Parent’s / Guardian’s Signature: ………………….…………... This document consists of 15 printed pages.

2 Section A 1 Study Fig. 1.1, which shows the pattern of migration out from London in 2012, Pattern of migration out of London in 2012 Fig. 1.1 * *Number indicates number of migrants arriving from London

3 [Turn Over (a) Using Fig. 1.1, describe the pattern of migration out of London in 2012. Award 1 mark for each descri ption of the pattern of migration to and from London in 2009, with supporting data, to a maximum of 4 marks. Award a maximum of 2 marks for description without supporting data. Possible responses include:  Overall trend: Neighbouring regions attracted the largest numbers/Further regions attract less numbers [1]:  The South East (100,014) and the East of England (63,712) received by far the highest number of migrants from London. [1 mark]  Moderate migration to other regions : The South West (22,115) , West Midlands (14,530) , East Midlands (14,378) , and North West (13,342) also attracted sizeable but much smaller numbers. [1 mark]  Fewer people moved to Yorkshire and The Humber (10,796) , Wales (5,334), and especially the North East (3,702) , indicating that long - distance moves were less common. [1 mark]  Exceptions/anomalies: Wales despite being near has a smaller exchange of migration of 5334 migrants. [1 mark] Question was poorly done (most students scored 2/4)  Most students were able to identify highest and lowest migration with supporting data  Most students missed out the anomaly and the overall trend being, the closer the region to London, the greater the migration numbers. [4]

4 (b) Study Fig. 1.2 which shows the reasons for migration to and from London. Reasons for migration to and from London Fig. 1.2 (i) Using Fig. 1.2, calculate the population density of London. Award a maximum of 1 mark for calculating the population density of London, rounding off to the nearest whole number. Possible responses include:  5,661 people/km2 [1]

5 [Turn Over *showing workings not necessary but encouraged. Correct units are necessary, must round off to nearest whole number. Surprisingly poorly done as most students failed to include units. (ii) With reference to Fig. 1.2, explain a push factor that caused people to migrate out of London. Award 1 mark for explanation of a push factor for the migration from London. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include:  The cost of living in London is expensive. [1 mark]  This makes people want to migrate as they cannot afford their daily needs [1 additional mark]  Commuting around London is difficult/costly [1 mark]  This makes it inconvenient for people to travel to work to earn a living/meet their needs [1 additional mark]  There is a lot of congestion in London [1 mark]  This makes it stressful/difficult for people to travel to work to earn a living/meet their needs/ emits high level of pollution which can deteriorate health [1 additional mark] Overall, fairly done well. Most students were able to identify the cost but failed to provide supporting reason why cost is a push factor. Quoting the numbers is not sufficient for explanation. [2] (c) Explain how urban areas like London city depend on rural areas. Award 1 mark for each explanation on why London city is still heavily reliant on its rural areas. Award a maximum of 1 additional mark for further development of the explanation, where applicable. Possible responses include:  London is an urban area that does not have that space to grow crops for food/rural areas have plenty of space for farms [1 mark]  Therefore, London must rely on rural areas to import food from farmlands [1 additional mark] Question was done well. Almost all students could identify that the dependence on rural for food due to plentiful space as the reason. [2] 2 Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the changes in the annual income generated from the various types of technological innovation from 2019 to 2025.

6 Changes in the annual income generated from the various types of technological innovation from 2019 to 2025 Fig. 2.1 (a) Using Fig. 2.1, describe the changes in the annual income generated from the various types of technological innovation from 2019 to 2025. Award 1 mark for each description, with supporting data, of the changes in the annual income generated from various technological innovation types from 2019 to 2025 to a maximum of 3 marks. Award a maximum of 2 marks for description without supporting data. Possible responses include:  Overall trend : Income from all three technological innovation types (Smart energy, Smart buildings, Smart water) increased steadily from 2019 to 2025. Smart energy grew from $50,000 to $80,000.  Largest growth: Smart buildings showed the largest growth, rising sharply from $50,000 in 2019 to $170,000 in 2025, becoming the biggest contributor to total income.  Smallest growth: Smart water increased more slowly compared to the other two, rising from $50,000 in 2019 to $80,000 in 2025, with growth levelling off after 2023.  Exception/anomaly: Smart water experienced a decrease from $90,000 in 2024 to $80,000 in 202 5 or remained constant at $50,000 from 2019 to 2020. This question was poorly done. Most student misinterpreted the graph, taking 360,000 as the total increase in income when students should instead be analysing the increase for each tech innovation type. [3] 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 110,000 50,000 70,000 90,000 110,000 130,000 150,000 170,000 50,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 80,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 INCOME GENERATED ($) Smart energy Smart Buildings Smart Water

7 [Turn Over Students should also be pointing out significant changes (such as highest, lowest increase) rather than point out the increase/decrease for each innovation type. (b) Suggest how increasing educational opportunities in cities can result in greater technological innovation. Award max 1 mark for suggesting how increasing educational opportunities in cities can result in greater technological innovation. Possible responses include:  Increasing educational opportunities increases the number of skilled/knowledgeable workers which increases the likelihood of/create opportunities for more innovation. Question was well done. Most students could link education opportunities to gaining knowledge and skills which helps increase tech innovation. [1] (c) Study Fig. 2.2 which shows a strategy to manage the pond environment in Pang Sua, a neighbourhood in Singapore sustainably. Strategy to manage the environment in Pang Sua, Singapore sustainably Fig. 2.